Geosciences and the Energy Transition
Geosciences and the Energy Transition
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DOI：
10.3389/esss.2023.10072
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发表时间：
2023-07
影响因子：
6.9
通讯作者：
N. Gardiner;J. Roberts;G. Johnson;Daniel J. Smith;C. Bond;R. Knipe;S. Haszeldine;Sarah Gordon;M. O'Donnell
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
N. Gardiner;J. Roberts;G. Johnson;Daniel J. Smith;C. Bond;R. Knipe;S. Haszeldine;Sarah Gordon;M. O'Donnell
要想在2050年之前将人为气候变化限制在远低于2°C的全球平均升温水平，就需要实现全球经济的大幅快速脱碳。然而，化石燃料发电的排放量——占全球温室气体排放的主导地位——正处于历史最高水平。向净零碳能源转型的进展和行动至关重要，地球科学部门和地球科学家将在其中发挥多重作用。在此，我们概述了气候危机背景下地球科学和能源转型的前景，以及政府间气候和社会正义政策。我们展示了地球科学部门、技能、知识、数据和基础设施如何直接或间接地在能源转型中发挥关键作用。这可能是在负责任的低碳能源技术原材料采购；在脱碳加热；通过新技术的发展，在近乎永久的地质环境中捕获和储存碳。一个前所未有的新挑战是实现地质零净，即通过永久地质储存实现地质资源生产和消费的零碳排放。我们确定了可持续和公平的净零碳能源转型的总体和跨领域问题，以及相关的地球科学挑战和机遇。最后，我们呼吁地球科学专业人士认识到并承担起他们在确保以所需的速度和规模实现公平和可持续的能源转型方面的作用。
A substantial and rapid decarbonisation of the global economy is required to limit anthropogenic climate change to well below 2°C average global heating by 2050. Yet, emissions from fossil fuel energy generation—which dominate global greenhouse gas emissions—are at an all-time high. Progress and action for an energy transition to net zero carbon is critical, and one in which geoscience sectors and geoscientists will play multiple roles. Here, we outline the landscape of the geosciences and the energy transition in the context of the climate crisis, and intergovernmental policies on climate and social justice. We show how geoscience sectors, skills, knowledge, data, and infrastructure, both directly and indirectly, will play a key role in the energy transition. This may be in the responsible sourcing of raw materials for low carbon energy technologies; in the decarbonisation of heating; and in the near-permanent geological capture and storage of carbon through novel technology development. A new and unprecedented challenge is to reach Geological Net Zero, where zero carbon emissions from geological resource production and consumption are achieved via permanent geological storage. We identify overarching and cross-cutting issues for a sustainable and fair net zero carbon energy transition, and the associated geoscience challenges and opportunities. Finally, we call for geoscience professionals to recognise and take responsibility for their role in ensuring a fair and sustainable energy transition at the pace and scale required.