Echolocation in humans: an overview
Echolocation in humans: an overview
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DOI：
10.1002/wcs.1408
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发表时间：
2016-11-01
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
Goodale, Melvyn A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Thaler, Lore;Goodale, Melvyn A.
蝙蝠和海豚以使用回声定位的能力而闻名。它们发出阵阵的声音，并倾听反射回来的回声，以检测环境中的物体。不为人知的是，一些盲人已经学会了做同样的事情，例如，用嘴发出咔哒声，并利用这些咔哒声的回声来感知周围的障碍物和感兴趣的物体。目前的评论探讨了一些研究，研究了人类回声定位和变化，已观察到的大脑回声定位专家。我们还讨论了回声定位的潜在应用和辅助技术。盲人回声定位专家可以感觉到物体位置的微小差异，区分各种大小和形状的物体，甚至是不同材料制成的物体，只需听嘴点击的反射回声。很明显，回声定位可能使一些盲人能够做一些在没有视觉的情况下被认为是不可能的事情，这可能为他们的日常生活提供高度的独立性，并表明回声定位可以作为盲人的有效移动策略。神经成像表明，回声的处理会激活盲人回声定位器的大脑区域，这些区域通常会支持有视力的大脑的视觉，并且这些激活的模式会受到回声携带的信息的调制。这项工作为人类大脑的可塑性提供了新的线索。WIREs Cogn Sci 2016，7：382-393。doi：10.1002/wcs.1408有关本文的更多资源，请访问。
Bats and dolphins are known for their ability to use echolocation. They emit bursts of sounds and listen to the echoes that bounce back to detect the objects in their environment. What is not as well-known is that some blind people have learned to do the same thing, making mouth clicks, for example, and using the returning echoes from those clicks to sense obstacles and objects of interest in their surroundings. The current review explores some of the research that has examined human echolocation and the changes that have been observed in the brains of echolocation experts. We also discuss potential applications and assistive technology based on echolocation. Blind echolocation experts can sense small differences in the location of objects, differentiate between objects of various sizes and shapes, and even between objects made of different materials, just by listening to the reflected echoes from mouth clicks. It is clear that echolocation may enable some blind people to do things that are otherwise thought to be impossible without vision, potentially providing them with a high degree of independence in their daily lives and demonstrating that echolocation can serve as an effective mobility strategy in the blind. Neuroimaging has shown that the processing of echoes activates brain regions in blind echolocators that would normally support vision in the sighted brain, and that the patterns of these activations are modulated by the information carried by the echoes. This work is shedding new light on just how plastic the human brain is. WIREs Cogn Sci 2016, 7:382-393. doi: 10.1002/wcs.1408 For further resources related to this article, please visit the .