Age-Related Differences in the Processing of Temporal Envelope and Spectral Cues in a Speech Segment.
Age-Related Differences in the Processing of Temporal Envelope and Spectral Cues in a Speech Segment.
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DOI：
10.1097/aud.0000000000000447
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发表时间：
2017
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Gordon-Salant S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Goupell MJ;Gaskins CR;Shader MJ;Walter EP;Anderson S;Gordon-Salant S
随着年龄的增长，人们的时间处理能力会下降。这导致理解语音的能力较差，特别是对于劣化的输入信号。相干注入（CI）通过频谱退化的输入信号的时域包络来传递语音信息。因为有越来越多的老年CI用户，有必要了解时间处理如何随年龄的变化。因此，本研究的目标是量化与年龄相关的时间处理能力的减少时，试图区分的话从频谱退化信号的时间包络信息的基础上。年轻的正常听力（YNH）和老年的正常听力（ONH）参与者被呈现了一系列语音标记，这些标记在音素之间的静音持续时间不同（0到60 ms，以10 ms为单位），并被要求确定刺激是否被感知更多的是单词“Dish”或“Ditch”。刺激声码使用音调载波。系统地改变通道数（1、2、4、8、16和未处理）和时间包络低通滤波器截止频率（50和400 Hz）。对于未经处理的条件下，YNH参与者认为字沟较小的沉默持续时间比ONH参与者，表明老化影响时间处理能力。未处理和16通道，400赫兹声码刺激之间的性能没有差异。减少光谱通道的数量会导致区分Dish和Ditch的能力下降。降低包络截止频率也导致区分碟形和沟形的能力降低。然而，结果的总体模式显示，光谱和时间信息的减少对ONH参与者的影响相对大于YNH参与者。衰老降低了在言语片段中利用简短时间线索的能力。减少频谱信息-如发生在信道声码器和CI语音处理策略中-迫使参与者使用时间包络信息;然而，年龄较大的参与者不太能够利用此信息。这些结果表明，提供尽可能多的频谱和时间的语音信息将有利于老年CI用户相对年轻CI用户。此外，目前的研究结果有助于设定预期的临床结果的语音理解性能的成年CI用户作为年龄的函数。
As people age, they experience reduced temporal processing abilities. This results in poorer ability to understand speech, particularly for degraded input signals. Cochlear implants (CIs) convey speech information via the temporal envelopes of a spectrally degraded input signal. Because there is an increasing number of older CI users, there is a need to understand how temporal processing changes with age. Therefore, the goal of this study was to quantify age-related reduction in temporal processing abilities when attempting to discriminate words based on temporal envelope information from spectrally degraded signals. Younger normal-hearing (YNH) and older normal-hearing (ONH) participants were presented a continuum of speech tokens that varied in silence duration between phonemes (0 to 60 ms in 10-ms steps), and were asked to identify whether the stimulus was perceived more as the word “Dish” or “Ditch.” Stimuli were vocoded using tonal carriers. The number of channels (1, 2, 4, 8, 16, and unprocessed) and temporal envelope low-pass filter cutoff frequency (50 and 400 Hz) were systematically varied. For the unprocessed conditions, the YNH participants perceived the word Ditch for smaller silence durations than the ONH participants, indicating that aging affects temporal processing abilities. There was no difference in performance between the unprocessed and 16-channel, 400-Hz vocoded stimuli. Decreasing the number of spectral channels caused decreased ability to distinguish Dish and Ditch. Decreasing the envelope cutoff frequency also caused decreased ability to distinguish Dish and Ditch. Nevertheless, the overall pattern of results revealed that reductions in spectral and temporal information had a relatively larger effect on the ONH participants compared to the YNH participants. Aging reduces the ability to utilize brief temporal cues in speech segments. Reducing spectral information – as occurs in a channel vocoder and in CI speech processing strategies – forces participants to use temporal envelope information; however, older participants are less capable of utilizing this information. These results suggest that providing as much spectral and temporal speech information as possible would benefit older CI users relatively more than younger CI users. In addition, the present findings help set expectations of clinical outcomes for speech understanding performance by adult CI users as a function of age.