DEVELOPMENT OF BIRCH LEAVES AND THE GROWTH ENERGETICS OF EPIRRITA-AUTUMNATA (GEOMETRIDAE)
DEVELOPMENT OF BIRCH LEAVES AND THE GROWTH ENERGETICS OF EPIRRITA-AUTUMNATA (GEOMETRIDAE)
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DOI：
10.2307/1938461
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发表时间：
1987-06-01
期刊：
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
MACLEAN, SF
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
AYRES, MP;MACLEAN, SF
秋叶蜂幼虫在萌芽期孵化，以山桦、毛桦等未成熟的树叶为食。折磨在两个季节测定了叶片成熟度、温度和幼虫龄期对Epirrita生长性能的影响。叶片含水量、氮、磷含量随叶片成熟度的增加而下降，而韧性和比质量则随叶片成熟度的增加而增加。由于叶片成熟，幼虫生长速率急剧下降;例如，三龄幼虫的相对生长速率从0.52下降到0.11 mg·cm-1。mg-1. d-1在3d内。成熟叶片的消耗率、消化效率和氮素利用效率下降，同化率和Epirrita生长速率下降。粪便产生的速率保持非常恒定。Epirrita消耗率似乎受到消化后处理不消化的叶组织的限制。叶片成熟的影响是最大的在温暖的温度。三龄幼虫生长速度比晚龄早季节叶，而第五（最后）龄幼虫最不敏感的季节性影响，龄期之间的差异，使他们非常适合他们通常遇到的叶子。叶成熟所施加的物候约束，并加剧了Epirrita适应，最大限度地提高增长速度，对年轻的叶子，似乎是一个重要的选择力影响幼虫生长的持续时间和时间。
Larvae of Epirrita autumnata hatch at the time of budburst, and feed on the immature foliage of mountain birch, Betula pubescens ssp. tortuosa. The effects of leaf maturation, temperature, and larval instar on Epirrita growth performance were measured in two seasons. Leaf water, nitrogen and phosphorus content declined with leaf maturation, while toughness and specific mass increased. There was a sharp decline in larval growth rate attributable to leaf maturation; for example the relative growth rate of third-instar larvae dropped from 0.52 to 0.11 mg .cntdot. mg-1 .cntdot. d-1 in 3 d. Consumption rate, digestive efficiency, and nitrogen utilization efficiency declined on mature leaves; assimilation rate and Epirrita growth rate declined as a consequence. The rate of frass production remained very constant. Epirrita consumption rate appeared to be limited by postingestive handling of indigestible leaf tissue. Effects of leaf maturation were greatest at warm temperatures. Third-instar larvae grew faster than later instars on early season leaves, while fifth (last) instar larvae were least sensitive to seasonal effects; differences between instars make them well suited to the leaves that they normally encounter. The phenological constraint imposed by leaf maturation, and exacerbated by Epirrita adaptations that maximize growth rate on young foliage, seems to be an important selective force influencing the duration and timing of larval growth.