Some Intentions are Observable
Some Intentions are Observable
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一些意图是可以观察到的
DOI：
10.1037//0022-0167.34.2.236
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发表时间：
1987
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
W. Stiles
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
W. Stiles
在讨论治疗师意图与言语反应模式（VRMs）的关系时，Hill和O’grady（1985）混淆了意向一词的两种含义——(a)干预的私人目的和(b)话语的意义，从说话者承担说出来的责任的意义上来说，话语的意义是记录在案的。希尔和奥格雷迪的意图列表包含了目的，他们正确地指出，研究人员最直接地获取这些信息是通过说话者的自我报告。VRM代码关注的是预期意义，它超越了语法结构或字面意义。尽管如此，VRM代码在以下意义上反映了本质上公开的通信级别：编码器与通信的目标受众处于相同的逻辑位置。Hill和O'Grady（1985）关于分类治疗师意图的文章中存在的一个困惑，为纠正关于语言过程编码的一个常见误解提供了机会。这种混淆涉及到关于治疗师或咨询师口头干预的意向一词的两种含义——(a)干预的目的和(b)话语的意义。目的（正如我在本文中使用的术语）是主观的，在认识论上是私人的，因此，通过报告可以最直接地了解，尽管报告可以通过磁带辅助回忆的方式进行系统和彻底的描述（Elliott, 1986）。意义有很多层次（Stiles, 1986），但在咨询师干预研究中最常研究的层次本质上是公开的，或者是记录在案的，在某种意义上，我将很快讨论。粗略地说，记录意义是咨询师想要传达给来访者的。
In discussing the relation of therapist intentions to verbal response modes (VRMs), Hill and O'Grady (1985) confused two senses of the term intention--(a) the private purpose of an intervention and (b) the meaning of the utterance, which is on record in the sense that the speaker accepts responsibility for saying it. Hill and O'Grady's list of intentions contained purposes, and they correctly pointed out that researchers' most direct access to these is by the speaker's self-report. VRM codes concern intended meaning, which goes beyond grammatical structure or literal meaning. Nevertheless, VRM codes reflect a level of communication that is intrinsically public in the following sense: The coder is in the same logical position as the communication's intended audience. A confusion in Hill and O'Grady's (1985) article about classifying therapist intentions offers an opportunity to correct a common misconception about verbal process coding. The confusion concerns two senses of the term intention with respect to a therapist's or counselor's verbal intervention--(a) the purpose of the intervention and (b) the meaning of the utterance. Purposes (as I use the term in this article) are subjective, epistemoiogically private, and hence, knowable most directly by report, though the report can be made systematic and thorough by means of tape-assisted recall (Elliott, 1986). Meanings have many levels (Stiles, 1986), but the level that is most commonly studied in research on counselor interventions is inherently public, or on record, in a sense that I will discuss shortly. Roughly, on-record meaning is what the counselor aims to communicate to the client.