Linking "Big" Personality Traits to Anxiety, Depressive, and Substance Use Disorders: A Meta-Analysis
Linking "Big" Personality Traits to Anxiety, Depressive, and Substance Use Disorders: A Meta-Analysis
复制标题
DOI：
10.1037/a0020327
复制
发表时间：
2010-09-01
影响因子：
22.4
通讯作者：
Watson, David
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kotov, Roman;Gamez, Wakiza;Watson, David
我们对大三和大五模型中的高阶人格特征（即神经质、外向性、去抑制性、责任心、亲和性和开放性）与成人特定抑郁、焦虑和物质使用障碍（SUD）之间的关系进行了定量回顾。该方法共进行了66项荟萃分析。该综述包括了从1980年到2007年发表的175项研究，产生了851个效应值。对于给定的分析，研究的数量从3到63（总样本量从1,076到75,229）不等。所有诊断组神经质高（平均Cohen’s d = 1.65），尽责性低（平均d = -1.01）。许多障碍也表现出低外向性，其中心境恶劣障碍（d = -1.47）和社交恐惧症（d = -1.31）的效应量最大。抑制解除仅与少数几种情况有关，包括SUD （d = 0.72）。最后，亲和性和开放性在很大程度上与分析的诊断无关。两种情况表现出特别明显的特征：SUD与神经质的关系较小，但在去抑制和不愉快方面的关系较高，而特定恐惧症与所有特征的联系较弱。调节分析表明，流行病学样本比患者样本产生的影响较小，Eysenck量表的相关性比NEO量表弱。总之，我们发现常见的精神障碍与人格密切相关，并具有相似的特征概况。神经质是所有因素中相关性最强的，但其他一些特征显示出与神经质无关的实质性影响。更多地关注这些结构可以显著地促进精神病理学研究和临床实践。
We performed a quantitative review of associations between the higher order personality traits in the Big Three and Big Five models (i.e., neuroticism, extraversion, disinhibition, conscientiousness, agreeableness, and openness) and specific depressive, anxiety, and substance use disorders (SUD) in adults. This approach resulted in 66 meta-analyses. The review included 175 studies published from 1980 to 2007, which yielded 851 effect sizes. For a given analysis, the number of studies ranged from three to 63 (total sample size ranged from 1,076 to 75,229). All diagnostic groups were high on neuroticism (mean Cohen's d = 1.65) and low on conscientiousness (mean d = -1.01). Many disorders also showed low extraversion, with the largest effect sizes for dysthymic disorder (d = -1.47) and social phobia (d = -1.31). Disinhibition was linked to only a few conditions, including SUD (d = 0.72). Finally, agreeableness and openness were largely unrelated to the analyzed diagnoses. Two conditions showed particularly distinct profiles: SUD, which was less related to neuroticism but more elevated on disinhibition and disagreeableness, and specific phobia, which displayed weaker links to all traits. Moderator analyses indicated that epidemiologic samples produced smaller effects than patient samples and that Eysenck's inventories showed weaker associations than NEO scales. In sum, we found that common mental disorders are strongly linked to personality and have similar trait profiles. Neuroticism was the strongest correlate across the board, but several other traits showed substantial effects independent of neuroticism. Greater attention to these constructs can significantly benefit psychopathology research and clinical practice.