Outer Hair Cell and Auditory Nerve Function in Speech Recognition in Quiet and in Background Noise.
Outer Hair Cell and Auditory Nerve Function in Speech Recognition in Quiet and in Background Noise.
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DOI：
10.3389/fnins.2017.00157
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发表时间：
2017
影响因子：
4.3
通讯作者：
Parker MA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hoben R;Easow G;Pevzner S;Parker MA
本研究的目的是描述外毛细胞（OHCs）和听觉神经（AN）的贡献，在安静和存在背景噪声的语音理解。对53名听力范围从正常到中度感音神经性听力损失的人类受试者进行了安静条件下言语（单词识别）和噪声条件下言语（QuickSIN测试）性能的测定。通过畸变产物耳声发射评估他们的评分与OHC功能相关，通过耳蜗电图（ECochG）记录的第VIII脑神经复合动作电位（CAP）的振幅、潜伏期和阈值测量AN功能。言语和ECochG刺激以等同的感觉水平呈现，以控制患者的听力敏感度。结果表明：（1）OHC功能障碍在正常听力阈值的较低范围内明显，这表明OHC损伤可产生“隐性听力损失”，（2）AN功能障碍在轻度听力损失水平开始明显，（3）当控制正常OHC功能时，表现出高或低ECochG振幅的人在安静时的言语和噪声中的言语表现方面都没有表现出统计学上的显著差异，（4）噪声环境下的言语表现与OHC功能相关。（5）OHC功能障碍者在阈下或阈附近的安静环境下，在相同的感觉水平刺激下，言语表现较好。这些结果表明，OHC功能障碍有助于隐藏的听力损失，OHC功能是需要在噪声性能的最佳语音，和那些人与感音神经性听力损失表现出更好的词的歧视，在安静或附近的听力阈值比正常的听众。
The goal of this study was to describe the contribution of outer hair cells (OHCs) and the auditory nerve (AN) to speech understanding in quiet and in the presence of background noise. Fifty-three human subjects with hearing ranging from normal to moderate sensorineural hearing loss were assayed for both speech in quiet (Word Recognition) and speech in noise (QuickSIN test) performance. Their scores were correlated with OHC function as assessed via distortion product otoacoustic emissions, and AN function as measured by amplitude, latency, and threshold of the VIIIth cranial nerve Compound Action Potential (CAP) recorded during electrocochleography (ECochG). Speech and ECochG stimuli were presented at equivalent sensation levels in order to control for the degree of hearing sensitivity across patients. The results indicated that (1) OHC dysfunction was evident in the lower range of normal audiometric thresholds, which demonstrates that OHC damage can produce “Hidden Hearing Loss,” (2) AN dysfunction was evident beginning at mild levels of hearing loss, (3) when controlled for normal OHC function, persons exhibiting either high or low ECochG amplitudes exhibited no statistically significant differences in neither speech in quiet nor speech in noise performance, (4) speech in noise performance was correlated with OHC function, (5) hearing impaired subjects with OHC dysfunction exhibited better speech in quiet performance at or near threshold when stimuli were presented at equivalent sensation levels. These results show that OHC dysfunction contributes to hidden hearing loss, OHC function is required for optimum speech in noise performance, and those persons with sensorineural hearing loss exhibit better word discrimination in quiet at or near their audiometric thresholds than normal listeners.