"Targeting" nanoparticles: The constraints of physical laws and physical barriers
"Targeting" nanoparticles: The constraints of physical laws and physical barriers
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.jconrel.2012.03.022
复制
发表时间：
2012-12-10
影响因子：
10.8
通讯作者：
Florence, Alexander T.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Florence, Alexander T.
与身体、器官、正常和异常细胞的复杂性相比，许多纳米颗粒似乎是相对简单的物体。这种观点具有欺骗性，因为纳米系统的物理化学性质虽然在材料科学、表面科学和胶体理论的基础上得到了很好的理解，但在实践中却远非简单。虽然它们的性质在体外很大程度上是可控的，通常据称是“设计的”，但通过任何路线变化的环境给药，都会产生额外的复杂性。一些关键的物理规律和物理化学参数决定了纳米粒子从静脉给药到理想目的地(如肿瘤)的过程中的命运。许多与基于纳米载体的靶向相关的科学都是在研究纯物理现象时详细阐述的，但在其中可以找到许多与生物系统类似的东西。这些因素包括阻碍定量目标的因素：复杂介质中的扩散、聚集和絮凝、受限空间中颗粒的受阻行为、流动中的堵塞和分散。所有这些都有能力影响命运和目的地。大多数关键过程都与颗粒大小有关，但并不总是线性的。事实上，体内的所有过程都涉及到概率的因素。颗粒的大小和性质在很大程度上可以控制，但随机过程不能定义为可控的。已经取得了进展，但将纳米载体定量输送到肿瘤中的特定部位既不是不可避免的，也不是可预测的。(C)2012爱思唯尔B.V.保留所有权利。
In comparison to the complexities of the body, its organs, its normal and aberrant cells, many nanoparticles will appear to be relatively simple objects. This view is deceptive because the physicochemical properties of nanosystems, although quite well understood on the basis of material science, surface science and colloid theory, are far from simple in practice. While their properties are largely controllable in vitro, often purportedly "designed", their administration by any route changing environments conspires to produce additional layers of complexity. Some of the key physical laws and physicochemical parameters governing the fate of nanoparticles on their journey from point of intravenous administration to desired destinations such as tumors are discussed. Much of the science relevant to nanocarrier based targeting has been elaborated in studying purely physical phenomena, but there can be found therein many analogies with biological systems. These include factors that impede quantitative targeting: diffusion in complex media, aggregation and flocculation, hindered behavior of particles in confined spaces, jamming and dispersion in flow. All of these have the ability to influence fate and destination. Most of the critical processes are particle size dependent but not always linearly so. Virtually all processes in vivo involve an element of probability. Particle size and properties can be controlled to a large extent, but stochastic processes cannot by definition. Progress has been made, but the quantitative delivery of a nanocarrier to defined sites in tumors is neither inevitable nor yet predictable. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.