Quantum register of fermion pairs
Quantum register of fermion pairs
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DOI：
10.1038/s41586-021-04205-8
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发表时间：
2022-01-27
期刊：
影响因子：
64.8
通讯作者：
Zwierlein, Martin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hartke, Thomas;Oreg, Botond;Zwierlein, Martin
运动的量子控制是现代原子钟 (1) 和干涉仪 (2) 的核心。它使协议能够处理和分发量子信息(3,4)，并允许探测相关物质状态中的纠缠(5)。然而，由于外部自由度与环境强烈耦合，单个粒子的运动相干性很难维持。自然界中具有强大运动相干性的系统通常涉及粒子对，从氦中的电子到原子对 (6)、分子 (7) 和库珀对。在这里，我们展示了光学晶格阵列中费米子原子对的长寿命运动相干性和纠缠。每对的共同相对运动实现了鲁棒的量子位，并受到交换对称性的保护。两种运动状态之间的能量差由原子反冲能设定，仅取决于质量和晶格波长，并且对限制势的噪声不敏感。我们观察到十秒以上的量子相干性。原子之间相互作用的调制提供了运动量子位的通用控制。这里提出的方法将实现多费米子系统的相干可编程量子模拟器(8)、基于原子对和分子的精密计量(9,10)，以及通过实现进一步的进步(11-13)，使用费米子对(14)进行数字量子计算。
Quantum control of motion is central for modern atomic clocks(1) and interferometers(2). It enables protocols to process and distribute quantum information(3,4), and allows the probing of entanglement in correlated states of matter(5). However, the motional coherence of individual particles can be fragile to maintain, as external degrees of freedom couple strongly to the environment. Systems in nature with robust motional coherence instead often involve pairs of particles, from the electrons in helium, to atom pairs(6), molecules(7) and Cooper pairs. Here we demonstrate long-lived motional coherence and entanglement of pairs of fermionic atoms in an optical lattice array. The common and relative motion of each pair realize a robust qubit, protected by exchange symmetry. The energy difference between the two motional states is set by the atomic recoil energy, is dependent on only the mass and the lattice wavelength, and is insensitive to the noise of the confining potential. We observe quantum coherence beyond ten seconds. Modulation of the interactions between the atoms provides universal control of the motional qubit. The methods presented here will enable coherently programmable quantum simulators of many-fermion systems(8), precision metrology based on atom pairs and molecules(9,10) and, by implementing further advances(11-13), digital quantum computation using fermion pairs(14).