Low target prevalence is a stubborn source of errors in visual search tasks
Low target prevalence is a stubborn source of errors in visual search tasks
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DOI：
10.1037/0096-3445.136.4.623
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发表时间：
2007-11-01
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
Kibbi, Nour
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wolfe, Jeremy M.;Horowitz, Todd S.;Kibbi, Nour
在视觉搜索任务中，观察者在包含干扰物的显示器中寻找目标。靶物漏检的可能性随靶物的流行程度、靶物在试验中出现的频率而变化。低目标流行率（1%-2%）的漏检率远高于高目标流行率（50%）。不幸的是，低患病率是机场安全和医疗检查等重要搜索任务的特征，在这些任务中，遗漏错误是危险的。一系列的实验表明，这种普遍效应是非常稳健的。在信号检测方面，患病率效应可以解释为标准的变化，而不是灵敏度的变化。几次促使观察员采用更好标准的努力都失败了。然而，在高流行率和充分反馈的短暂再培训期间，观察员可以在低流行率没有反馈的时期保持良好的标准。
In visual search tasks, observers look for targets in displays containing distractors. Likelihood that targets will be missed varies with target prevalence, the frequency with which targets are presented across trials. Miss error rates are much higher at low target prevalence (1%-2%) than at high prevalence (50%). Unfortunately, low prevalence is characteristic of important search tasks such as airport security and medical screening where miss errors are dangerous. A series of experiments show this prevalence effect is very robust. In signal detection terms, the prevalence effect can be explained as a criterion shift and not a change in sensitivity. Several efforts to induce observers to adopt a better criterion fail. However, a regime of brief retraining periods with high prevalence and full feedback allows observers to hold a good criterion during periods of low prevalence with no feedback.