Cenozoic plate reconstruction of the South China Sea region
Cenozoic plate reconstruction of the South China Sea region
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DOI：
10.1016/0040-1951(94)90022-1
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发表时间：
1994-07
期刊：
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
T. Lee;L. Lawver
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
T. Lee;L. Lawver
给出了南海地区60 Ma、40 Ma、30 Ma、20 Ma、10 Ma和5 Ma的重建结果。我们试图将南海盆地置于一个区域构造格架中。分析了南海周边主要地块的构造演化，以及印度板块和澳大利亚板块的相对运动。我们试图纠正该地区现有的构造模型。一个3-D图形终端被用来获得不同构造块体的旋转极点，然后我们的模型进行了测试，以确定其自洽性。当模型与之前的解释相冲突时，会对输入数据进行评估以寻找替代解释。在该区域可以识别出至少两个，甚至可能三个扩展阶段。最早的一次伸展活动发生在晚白垩世至始新世，为北西-南东向伸展。第二次活动期为晚始新世至早中新世，为南北向伸展。第三阶段的伸展作用可能为北西-南东向伸展，其年代为渐新世后。第一次伸展事件产生了北东-南西向的原南海和一系列沿着华南边缘的沉积盆地。随着印度支那向东南方向的挤压，原南海大部分在巴拉望海槽被消耗。渐新世，华南大陆边缘重新向南北伸展，开启了现今南海扩张的序幕。早中新世，中南半岛向东南方向的挤压作用，在巽他大陆的阻挡下，导致南海海盆向北西-南东方向张开。早中新世末，北巴拉望微陆块与西菲律宾陆块的碰撞停止了南海的开放。在中中新世，扩张活动转向苏禄海盆地，但在中中新世末，苏禄海脊和西菲律宾棉兰老岛之间的碰撞停止了苏禄海的开放。在中新世晚期，大印度继续向北移动，似乎已经撕开了安达曼海。上新世，沿着马尼拉海沟北方的俯冲作用使北吕宋弧与东亚大陆边缘台湾处于碰撞路径上。我们的重建，沿着与详细的地质和地球物理信息，可以用作预测工具，盆地演化模式和块体相互作用在这一地区。南海盆地、泰国湾、马来盆地和泰国中部盆地的发育是碰撞引起的伸展力的结果。苏禄、西里伯斯和苏门答腊盆地是长期俯冲的结果。珠江口、西纳土纳、南中国海、苏禄，可能还有西里伯斯盆地的形成都是由于各种板块碰撞而终止的。在板块重组过程中，主要边界断裂在不同演化阶段的滑动方向发生了变化。
Reconstructions of the South China Sea region at 60 Ma, 40 Ma, 30 Ma, 20 Ma, 10 Ma and 5 Ma are presented. We have attempted to place the South China Sea Basin in a regional tectonic framework. The tectonic evolution of the major blocks surrounding the South China Sea were analyzed, as well as the relative motions of the Indian and Australian plates. We have tried to correct the tectonic models available in this region. A 3-D graphics terminal was used to derive rotation poles for the different tectonic blocks and our model was then tested to determine its self-consistency. When the model conflicted with previous interpretations the input data were evaluated for alternative explanations.At least two, and possibly three, stages of extension can be recognized in this region. The earliest one, active in the Late Cretaceous to Eocene, involved NW-SE extension. The second one, active from the Late Eocene to Early Miocene involved north-south extension. The third stage of extension, which probably trended NW-SE, can be dated as post-Oligocene. The first extensional event produced the NE-SW trending proto-South China Sea and a series of sedimentary basins along the South China margin. Following the southeastward extrusion of Indochina, the proto-South China Sea was mostly consumed at the Palawan Trough. Renewed north-south extension in the South China continental margin started the present-day South China Sea spreading in the Oligocene. The southeastward extrusion of Indochina, blocked by Sundaland, resulted in the NW-SE trending opening of the South China Sea Basin in the Early Miocene. Collision of the North Palawan microcontinental block with the West Philippines block stopped the opening of the South China Sea at the end of Early Miocene. Spreading activity switched to the Sulu Sea Basin in the Middle Miocene but collision between the Sulu Ridge and the West Philippines at Mindanao halted the opening of the Sulu Sea at the end of the Middle Miocene. In the Late Miocene, Greater India continued its northward path and seems to have ripped open the Andaman Sea. In the Pliocene, subduction along the northern Manila Trench placed the North Luzon Arc on a collision path with the East Asia continental margin at Taiwan.Our reconstructions, along with detailed geological and geophysical information, may be used as a predictive tool for basin evolution models and block interactions in this region. The development of the South China Sea Basin, the Gulf of Thailand, the Malay Basin and the central Thailand basins are the result of collision-induced extensional forces. The Sulu, Celebes and Sumatra basins were formed as a consequence of prolonged subduction. The opening of the Pearl River Mouth, West Natuna, South China Sea, Sulu, and possibly Celebes, basins were terminated by various plate collisions. During the course of plate reorganizations major boundary faults have changed their slip senses during different stages of evolution.