Life cycle Impact assessment of lead-free solder considering the trade-off relationship between toxic impact and other impact categories
Life cycle Impact assessment of lead-free solder considering the trade-off relationship between toxic impact and other impact categories
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考虑有毒影响和其他影响类别之间的权衡关系的无铅焊料的生命周期影响评估
DOI：
10.2320/matertrans.45.3194
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发表时间：
2004
影响因子：
1.2
通讯作者：
A. Inaba
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
N. Itsubo;J. Noh;A. Inaba
无铅焊料是国际上日益关注的一个焦点，特别是在欧盟各种指令(ROHS：关于限制在电气和电子设备中使用某些有害物质)之后。无铅焊料有望减少对环境的有毒影响，但有人指出，无铅焊料的生产可能会比传统焊料产生更高的能耗和其他相关影响，如全球变暖。有必要考虑环境影响类型之间的这种权衡关系。这项研究的目的是对典型的无铅焊料和一种传统的锡铅焊料进行影响评估的试算。地方一级的影响类别被认为在评估现有材料方面很重要，例如接触危险物质造成的影响。对于这些影响类别，由此产生的环境影响可能会有很大不同，这取决于排放发生在哪里，即使是相同程度的环境负担。因此，基于国内背景数据，LIME(基于终点建模的生命周期影响评价方法)被优先采用。使用概念化的人类健康损害评估和损害指标，我们得出结论，即使考虑到其他健康影响的增加，避免铅也是有效的。通过实施不确定度分析，证实了这一结果的可靠性。
Lead-free solder is a focus of increasing international attention, particularly in the wake of various EU directives (ROHS: on the restriction of the use of certain hazardous substances in electrical and electronic equipment). Lead-free solder is anticipated to reduce toxic environmental impact, but it has been pointed out that energy consumption and other related impacts like global warming caused by the production of lead-free solder may be higher than those for conventional solder. It is necessary to consider this trade-off relationship between types of environmental impact. The aim of this study is to conduct trial calculations of impact assessments of typical lead-free solders and a conventional Sn-Pb solder. Impact categories at the local level are regarded as important in the assessment of current materials, such as impacts caused by exposure to hazardous substances. For these impact categories, the resultant environmental impacts can differ greatly, depending on where emissions occur, even for the same degree of environmental burden. Therefore, LIME (Life cycle Impact assessment Method based on Endpoint modeling) was preferentially used, based on domestic background data. Using a conceptualized damage assessment and damage indicator of human health, we concluded that the avoidance of lead is effective even when the increase in other health impacts are taken into account. The reliability of this result was confirmed by the implementation of an uncertainty analysis.