Community Resources for Learning: How Capuchin Monkeys Construct Technical Traditions
Community Resources for Learning: How Capuchin Monkeys Construct Technical Traditions
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DOI：
10.1007/s13752-012-0032-8
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发表时间：
2011-09-01
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Fragaszy, Dorothy M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Fragaszy, Dorothy M.
人类建造的物理环境（包括无数经过改造的自然物体或人造物体）对人类发展的重要性已得到广泛认可。构建生态位的物理维度的重要性也已在非人类动物的住所（例如，海狸的水坝、鸟巢和蜂巢）中得到认识，但之前并未应用于技术传统，尽管社会伙伴留下的物理环境的持久改变是构建的生态位的一部分，通过延迟的社会促进现象支持技术技能的学习。这些改变有助于比行动本身更长的时间范围内的学习。因此，能够产生持久的物理制品的技术技能（本身有助于学习技能）应该比不具有此特征的技术技能在人群中更持久，并且更广泛。这种观点为我们提供了一个新的视角，通过它可以理解非人类动物以及人类祖先技术传统的起源。了解非人类物种获得传统技术技能的过程，使我们能够深入了解社会和物质生态位构建的结合如何支持文化技术方面的进化。
The developmental importance to humans of the human-constructed physical environment, including myriad modified natural objects or manufactured objects, is well recognized. The importance of the physical dimension of the constructed niche has also been recognized in nonhuman animals with respect to dwellings (e.g., beavers' dams, birds' nests, and bees' hives), but has not previously been applied to technical traditions, despite the fact that enduring alterations of the physical environment left by social partners are part of the constructed niche that supports the learning of technical skills through the phenomenon of delayed social facilitation. These alterations aid learning over a longer time scale than the actions themselves. Thus, technical skills that result in enduring physical artifacts, which themselves aid learning the skills, should be both more persistent in a population and more widespread than technical skills that do not share this feature. This perspective gives us a new lens through which to understand the origins of technical traditions in nonhuman animals, and by extension, in human ancestors. Understanding the process by which traditional technical skills are acquired in nonhuman species gives us insight into the ways that the combination of social and physical niche construction can support the evolution of technical aspects of culture from modest beginnings.