ECOLOGICAL ADAPTATION OF AN ARISTOLOCHIACEAE-FEEDING SWALLOWTAIL BUTTERFLY, ATROPHANEURA-ALCINOUS, TO ARISTOLOCHIC ACIDS
ECOLOGICAL ADAPTATION OF AN ARISTOLOCHIACEAE-FEEDING SWALLOWTAIL BUTTERFLY, ATROPHANEURA-ALCINOUS, TO ARISTOLOCHIC ACIDS
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DOI：
10.1007/bf01014731
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发表时间：
1989-11-01
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
FUKAMI, H
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
NISHIDA, R;FUKAMI, H
从马兜铃叶中分离出七种马兜铃酸类似物（I、II、III、B、C、D 和 E），并被鉴定为马兜铃科食性燕尾蝶 (Atropaneura alcinous) 的幼虫取食兴奋剂。马兜铃酸与叶提取物中的水溶性成分结合显示出协同活性。马兜铃酸在马兜铃的整个生命阶段的身体组织和专门器官中均被检测到。幼虫口液中马兜铃酸含量高达分泌物的2%，其成分与叶提取物中的成分相似。相比之下，鸡蛋选择性地含有马兜铃酸 I 和 II。这两种酸存在于蛋黄和蛋壳材料以及成年雌性的侧支腺（皮脂腺）中。幼虫对卵和蛹的同类相食活动似乎是由卵表面和蛹角质层上存在的马兜铃酸引发的，这表明该物种可能存在适应性机制。马兜铃酸 I 阻止树麻雀的进食，这表明马兜铃酸对脊椎动物捕食者具有防御作用。
Seven analogs of aristolochic acids (I, II, III, B, C, D, and E) were isolated from the leaves of Aristolochia debilis and characterized as the larval feeding stimulants of an Aristolochiaceae-feeding swallowtail butterfly, Atrophaneura alcinous. Aristolochic acids showed synergistic activity in combination with the water-soluble components in the leaf extract. Aristolochic acids were detected in the body tissues and specialized organs throughout all life stages of A. alcinous. Larval osmeterial fluid contained aristolochic acids as high as 2% of the secretions, the compositions of which were similar to that found in the leaf extracts. In contrast, the eggs selectively contained aristolochic acids I and II. These two acids were present both in the egg yolk and egg coating material as well as in the collateral glands (glandulae sebaceae) of the adult females. The cannibalistic activity of the larvae against the eggs and pupae seemed to be triggered by aristolochic acids present on the egg surface and pupal cuticle, suggesting a possible adaptive mechanism in this species. Aristolochic acid I deterred feeding of tree sparrows, which suggested a defensive role against vertebrate predators.