Evolution of woody plants to the land‐sea interface – The atypical genomic features of mangroves with atypical phenotypic adaptation
Evolution of woody plants to the land‐sea interface – The atypical genomic features of mangroves with atypical phenotypic adaptation
复制标题
木本植物向陆地-海洋界面的进化-具有非典型表型适应的红树林的非典型基因组特征
DOI：
10.1111/mec.16587
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发表时间：
2022-06
影响因子：
4.9
通讯作者：
Suhua Shi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wei Xie;Zixiao Guo;Jiayan Wang;Ziwen He;Yulong Li;Xiao Feng;Cairong Zhong;Suhua Shi
植物在极端环境中如何适应和分化是植物进化和生态学的一个关键问题。红树林的气生根、泌盐叶和胎生等适应性表型以及全基因组复制和转座因子数目减少等基因组机制促进了红树林入侵潮间带环境。然而，一些红树林缺乏这些典型的表型。我们要问的问题是，这些表型非典型的红树林是否也有独特的基因组特征？同胞红树林种Lumnitzera littorea和Lumnitzera racemosa为研究这一问题提供了模式。我们对它们的基因组进行了染色体水平的测序和组装，以及一个密切相关的物种Combretum micranthum。虽然大多数红树林的基因组较小，但两种Lumnitzera物种的基因组都很大（1443和1317 Mb），并且携带高比例的重复序列（约75%）。此外，Lumnitzera物种没有经历后γ全基因组复制。它们的基因组大小增加主要是由于它们祖先中重复序列的扩展。然而，Lumnitzera基因组通过限制新LTR-RT的增殖而减少了转座因子。同时，两种植物的基因家族收缩多于扩展，一些大小变化相反的基因家族可能是它们在根形态和局部分布上分化的基础。我们确定了86个染色体倒位，其中5个在6.5到12.8兆碱基之间。位于这些倒位中的许多基因在色素生物合成中起作用，这一过程可能涉及Lumnitzera物种之间的花色分化。我们的结论是，具有非典型表型的红树林也有非典型的基因组进化。
How plants adapt and diverge in extreme environments is a key question of plant evolution and ecology. Mangrove invasion of intertidal environments is facilitated by adaptive phenotypes such as aerial roots, salt-secreting leaf, and viviparity, and genomic mechanisms including whole genome duplication and transposable element number reduction. However, a number of mangroves lack these typical phenotypes. The question we ask is whether these phenotypically atypical mangroves also have distinct genomic features? The sibling mangrove species Lumnitzera littorea and Lumnitzera racemosa provide a model to study this question. We sequenced and assembled their genomes to chromosome level, together with a closely related species Combretum micranthum. While most mangroves have small genomes, the genomes of both Lumnitzera species are large (1443 and 1317 Mb) and carry a high proportion of repeat sequences (~75%). Moreover, Lumnitzera species have not undergone post-gamma whole-genome duplications. Their genome size increased mainly due to the expansion of repeat sequences in their ancestors. However, Lumnitzera genomes have reduced transposable elements by constraining the proliferation of new LTR-RTs. Meanwhile, the two species have more gene families contracted than expanded, and some gene families with reversed size change may underlie their differentiation in root morphology and local distribution. We identified 86 chromosomal inversions, five of which are measured between 6.5 and 12.8 megabases. A number of genes located in these inversions function in pigment biosynthesis, a process likely involved in flower colour differentiation between the Lumnitzera species. We conclude that the mangroves with atypical phenotypes also have atypical genomic evolution.
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影响因子：
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作者：
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