Concentrations of 239Pu and 240Pu and their isotopic ratios determined by ICP-MS in soils collected from the Chernobyl 30-km zone
Concentrations of 239Pu and 240Pu and their isotopic ratios determined by ICP-MS in soils collected from the Chernobyl 30-km zone
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DOI：
10.1021/es0008968
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发表时间：
2000-07-15
影响因子：
11.4
通讯作者：
Wirth, E
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Muramatsu, Y;Rühm, W;Wirth, E
从三个森林站点内的30公里的区域内的切尔诺贝利反应堆周围的土壤样品进行了分析，钚-239和钚-240的ICP-MS。平均钚-240/钚-239原子比在污染的表层土壤样品，其中的值是稀缺的文献中，为0.408。在所分析的各个样品之间，钚-240/钚-239的比率几乎没有差别，尽管钚-239 +240的水平变化很大（即从6.3到1430 Bq kg（-1）干重），这取决于与反应堆的距离和所研究的土壤层。这一结果与Pu 239 +240的区域相关活度在1.1 kBq m（-2）和13.3 kBq m（-2）之间相对应，估计约有一半的Pu从有机层迁移到下面的矿物层。在切尔诺贝利地区观察到的钚-240/钚-239比率比归因于武器沉降物的比率高得多。0.18）。高比率与反应堆燃料的高燃耗等级有关。观测到的Pu-240/Pu-239比率可用作一种“指纹”，用于确定环境中源自钚的分布情况，并将其与全球沉降物等其他来源区分开来。讨论了钚与Cs-137、Co-60和Sb-125浓度的关系。
Soil samples collected from three forest sites within the 30-km zone around the Chernobyl reactor were analyzed for Pu-239 and Pu-240 by ICP-MS. The average Pu-240/Pu-239 atom ratio in contaminated surface soil samples, values of which are scarce in the literature, was 0.408. There were almost no differences in the Pu-240/Pu-239 ratios between the individual samples analyzed, although the Pu239+240 levels varied very widely (i.e. from 6.3 to 1430 Bq kg(-1) dry weight) depending on the distance from the reactor and on the soil layers investigated. This result corresponded to area-related activities for Pu239+240 between 1.1 kBq m(-2) and 13.3 kBq m(-2), it was estimated that about half of the Pu migrated from the organic layers to the underlying mineral layers. The Pu-240/Pu-239 ratio observed in the Chernobyl area was much higher than that attributed to weapons fallout (ca. 0.18). The high ratio was related to the high burn-up grade of the reactor fuel. The Pu-240/Pu-239 ratio observed might be used as a "fingerprint" in identifying the distribution of Chernobyl-derived Pu in the environment and in distinguishing it from other sources, e.g. global fallout. Relationships between the concentrations of Pu and those of Cs-137, Co-60, and Sb-125 were also discussed.