Influence of management practices on large herbivore diet-Case of European bison in Bialowieza Primeval Forest (Poland)
Influence of management practices on large herbivore diet-Case of European bison in Bialowieza Primeval Forest (Poland)
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DOI：
10.1016/j.foreco.2010.11.026
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发表时间：
2011-02-15
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Wojcik, Jan M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kowalczyk, Rafal;Taberlet, Pierre;Wojcik, Jan M.
大型食草动物是许多森林地区的关键物种，因为它们塑造了这些生态系统的结构、物种多样性和功能。欧洲野牛野牛自世纪初在野外灭绝后，现已成功恢复。由于该物种的自由放养种群主要在森林生境中重新建立，因此了解这种欧洲最大的陆生哺乳动物对树木的影响至关重要。这有助于作出管理和保护决定，以维持野生物种的可行种群。使用一种新的基于DNA的草食动物的饮食分析方法，trnL的方法（DNA条形码），我们调查了不同的觅食条件（获得补充饲料）的影响野牛饮食在冬季及其对木本物种的潜在影响。从不同的野牛处理组收集粪便样本：（1）密集饲养;（2）不太密集饲养;（3）利用森林栖息地的非饲养;和（4）利用森林周围农业区的非饲养。这些被分析以估计野牛消耗的不同植物群的比例。野牛群体的饮食差异很大。野牛消耗的木质材料（树木和灌木）的数量增加，减少获得补充饲料，从16%的密集喂养野牛到65%的非喂养野牛利用森林栖息地。然而，草药，草和莎草的数量从82%的密集喂养的野牛到32%的非喂养的野牛利用森林栖息地。主要被野牛、鹅耳枥属/榛属、桦属和柳属取食的树种，对森林管理的经济重要性较低。野牛对树种的影响需要进一步调查，但是，我们可以预测，野牛的浏览，主要是鹅耳枥/榛，使林业的影响微不足道，由于该物种在森林林下植被的代表性高，并不断增加。补饲对野牛的生态和健康有一定的负面影响，因此在比亚洛维萨森林中应采用减量和分布式补饲的管理措施。(c)2010 Elsevier B. V.保留所有权利。
Large herbivores are keystone species in many forest areas, as they shape the structure, species diversity and functioning of those ecosystems. The European bison Bison bonasus has been successfully restored after extinction in the wild at the beginning of 20th century. As free-ranging populations of the species were re-established mainly in forest habitats, knowledge of the impact by the largest European terrestrial mammal on tree stands is essential. This helps to make management and conservation decisions for viable population maintenance of the species in the wild. Using a novel DNA-based method of herbivore diet analysis, the trnL approach (DNA-barcoding), we investigated the influence of different foraging conditions (access to supplementary fodder) on bison diet in winter and its potential impact on woody species. Faecal samples were collected from different bison treatment groups: (1) intensively fed; (2) less intensively fed; (3) non-fed utilising forest habitats; and (4) non-fed utilising agricultural areas surrounding the Forest. These were analysed to estimate the proportion of different plant groups consumed by bison. Bison groups differed significantly in their diet. The amount of woody materials (trees and shrubs) consumed by bison increased with decreasing access to supplementary fodder, ranging from 16% in intensively fed bison to 65% in non-fed bison utilising forest habitats. Inversely, the amount of herbs, grasses and sedges decreased from 82% in intensively fed bison to 32% in non fed bison utilising forest habitats. The species of trees mainly browsed by bison, Carpinus/Corylus, Betula sp. and Salix sp., were of lower economic importance for forest management. The impact of bison on tree species needs further investigation, however, we can predict that browsing by bison, mainly on Carpinus/Corylus, makes an insignificant impact on forestry due to the high and increasing representation of this species in the forest understory. Supplementary feeding has several negative effects on bison ecology and health, therefore reduced and distributed supplementary feeding should be applied as the management practice in the Bialowieza Forest. (c) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.