Mechanisms of mutational robustness in transcriptional regulation.
Mechanisms of mutational robustness in transcriptional regulation.
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DOI：
10.3389/fgene.2015.00322
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发表时间：
2015
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Wagner A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Payne JL;Wagner A
稳健性是指表型在环境或基因变化时的不变性。转录调控电路产生的表型是在某种程度上对突变具有鲁棒性的基因表达模式。在这里，我们回顾了这种稳健性的几个原因。它们包括单个转录因子结合位点的稳健性、此类位点的同型簇、冗余增强子、转录因子、冗余转录因子以及转录调节电路的连接。这种鲁棒性可以是自身的适应，也可以是其他适应的副产品，也可以是生物物理原理和基因组进化的非适应力的结果。这种稳健性的潜在后果包括通过中性进化产生的复杂的调控网络拓扑，以及神秘的变异，即没有表型分歧的基因型分歧。在最长的进化时间尺度上，转录调控的稳健性通过促进进化创新帮助开花植物和脊椎动物等生物体多样化，帮助塑造了我们所知的生命。
Robustness is the invariance of a phenotype in the face of environmental or genetic change. The phenotypes produced by transcriptional regulatory circuits are gene expression patterns that are to some extent robust to mutations. Here we review several causes of this robustness. They include robustness of individual transcription factor binding sites, homotypic clusters of such sites, redundant enhancers, transcription factors, redundant transcription factors, and the wiring of transcriptional regulatory circuits. Such robustness can either be an adaptation by itself, a byproduct of other adaptations, or the result of biophysical principles and non-adaptive forces of genome evolution. The potential consequences of such robustness include complex regulatory network topologies that arise through neutral evolution, as well as cryptic variation, i.e., genotypic divergence without phenotypic divergence. On the longest evolutionary timescales, the robustness of transcriptional regulation has helped shape life as we know it, by facilitating evolutionary innovations that helped organisms such as flowering plants and vertebrates diversify.