Children of the Cultural Revolution: The State and the Life Course in the People's Republic of China
Children of the Cultural Revolution: The State and the Life Course in the People's Republic of China
复制标题
DOI：
10.1177/000312249906400103
复制
发表时间：
1999-02
影响因子：
9.1
通讯作者：
Xueguang Zhou;L. Hou
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Xueguang Zhou;L. Hou
从1967年到1978年，国家在新中国实行的中国下乡政策，迫使1700万城市青年到农村生活和工作。我们考察了文化大革命的孩子们的生活经历--那些在这一时期进入劳动力大军的年轻人。这一事件提供了一个“自然实验”--一个研究国家政策对国家社会主义社会生命历程影响的机会。我们关注两个理论问题：(1)不良国家政策对生活过程的影响如何通过社会分层结构进行中介；(2)降级经历如何影响个人以后的生活过程和经济幸福感。我们将被遣散的年轻人和留在城市地区的年轻人的进入劳动力、随后的重大生活事件和经济福祉的模式进行了比较和对比。我们的发现表明，所有的社会群体都受到了不利的国家政策的负面影响，但官僚阶层有一定的能力减少对他们孩子的负面影响。降级经历对个人的人生历程产生了持久的影响，反映在后来的人生历程事件的模式和个人收入的决定因素中。
From 1967 to 1978, the state “send-down” policy in the People's Republic of China forced 17 million urban youth to live and work in rural areas. We examine the life experiences of the children of the Cultural Revolution—those youths who entered the labor force during this period. The send-down episode provides a “natural experiment”—an opportunity to study the effects of state policies on the life course in a state socialist society. We focus on two theoretical issues: (1) how the effects of adverse state policies on the life course were mediated by the structure of social stratification, and (2) how the send-down experience affected individuals’ later life course and economic well-being. We compare and contrast patterns of entry into the labor force, subsequent major life events, and the economic well-being of sentdown youth with those who stayed in urban areas. Our findings show that all social groups were negatively affected by adverse state policies, but the bureaucratic class had some capacity to reduce such negative effects on their children. The send-down experience has had lasting effects on individuals’ life courses, as reflected in the patterns of the later life course events and in the determinants of personal income.