Scorched Earth: Environmental War Crimes and International Justice
Scorched Earth: Environmental War Crimes and International Justice
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焦土：环境战争罪与国际正义
DOI：
10.1017/s1537592714002126
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发表时间：
2014
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
B. Leebaw
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
B. Leebaw
环境破坏不仅是战争的副产品，而且自古以来就是一种军事战略。战争规范和法律如何处理战争对环境造成的损害？应如何界定和处理“环境战争罪”？我解决这些问题，批判性地研究合法和非法的战时环境破坏之间的区别已经在正义战争理论和战争法的辩论中得出的方式。我确定了四个独特的配方，制定在这样的辩论中出现的战时意义的性质，并分析每个是如何与独特的索赔有关的是什么构成“人性”在战争时期：自然作为财产;自然作为战斗人员;自然作为潘多拉的盒子;和自然作为受害者。我认为，努力调查和判断战争对环境的影响不稳定，并暴露了限制的核心区别，生动的人道主义规范，但也提供了一个重要的和被忽视的指导来源，在解决这些限制。
Environmental devastation is not only a byproduct of war, but has also been a military strategy since ancient times. How have the norms and laws of war addressed the damage that war inflicts on the environment? How should “environmental war crimes” be defined and addressed? I address these questions by critically examining the way that distinctions between legitimate and illegitimate wartime environmental destruction have been drawn in debates on just war theory and the laws of war. I identify four distinctive formulations for framing the wartime significance of nature that appear in such debates and analyze how each is associated with distinctive claims regarding what constitutes “humaneness” in times of war: nature as property; nature as combatant; nature as Pandora's Box; and nature as victim. I argue that efforts to investigate and judge the environmental impact of war destabilize and expose the limitations of core distinctions that animate humanitarian norms, but also offer an important and neglected source of guidance in addressing those limitations.