Replacement of fish oil with rapeseed oil in diets of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) affects tissue lipid compositions and hepatocyte fatty acid metabolism
Replacement of fish oil with rapeseed oil in diets of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) affects tissue lipid compositions and hepatocyte fatty acid metabolism
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DOI：
10.1093/jn/131.5.1535
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发表时间：
2001-05-01
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Sargent, JR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Bell, JG;McEvoy, J;Sargent, JR
重复组的大西洋鲑鱼后熔炼喂养五个实用型饮食中添加的脂质是100%鱼油[FO; 0%菜籽油（0%RO）]，90%FO +10%RO（10%RO），75%FO +25%RO（25%RO），50%FO +50%RO（50%RO）或100%RO，为期17周。饲料对生长率或饲料转化率没有影响，在肝脏、心脏、肌肉或肾脏中也没有发现任何组织病理学病变。肌肉脂质的最大积累是在鱼喂0%RO，这对应于显着较低的肌肉蛋白质在这一组。肝脏中的脂质水平最高的鱼被发现在100%RO。肌肉脂肪中脂肪酸组成与RO含量呈显著正相关，其中18：1（n-9）、18：2（n-6）和18：3（n-3）比例均随日粮RO含量的增加而增加（r = 0.98-1.00，P < 0.013）。随着日粮RO的增加，肌肉脂肪中二十碳五烯酸[20：5（n-3）]和二十二碳六烯酸[22：6（n-3）]含量显著降低（P < 0.05）沿着总饱和脂肪酸含量也显著降低（P < 0.05）。采用[1（-14）C] 18：3（n-3）测定的肝脂肪酸去饱和和延长活性随膳食RO的增加而增加。海洋鱼油的供应有限，如果要维持水产养殖的增长，从而不损害鱼类健康和产品质量，就需要找到替代品。因此，RO可以成功地用作海水中大西洋鲑鱼养殖中鱼油的替代品，尽管在RO >膳食脂质的50%的水平下，肌肉中20：5（n-3）、22：6（n-3）酸的（n-3）/（n-6）多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）比率发生显著降低，这将导致对人类健康有益的（n-3）高度不饱和脂肪酸的可用性降低。
Duplicate groups of Atlantic salmon post-smelts were fed five practical-type diets in which the added lipid was 100% fish oil [FO; 0% rapeseed oil (0% RO)], 90% FO + 10% RO (10% RO), 75% FO + 25% RO (25% RO), 50% FO + 50% RO (50% RO) or 100% RO, for a period of 17 wk. There were no effects of diet on growth rate or feed conversion nor were any histopathological lesions found in liver, heart, muscle or kidney. The greatest accumulation of muscle lipid was in fish fed 0% RO, which corresponded to significantly lower muscle protein in this group. The highest lipid levels in liver were found in fish fed 100% RO. Fatty acid compositions of muscle lipid correlated with RO inclusion in that the proportions of 18:1(n-9), 18:2(n-6) and 18:3(n-3) all increased with increasing dietary RO (r = 0.98-1.00, P < 0.013). The concentrations of eicosapentaenoic acid [20:5(n-3)] and docosahexaenoic acid [22:6(n-3)] in muscle lipid were significantly reduced (P < 0.05), along with total saturated fatty acids, with increasing dietary RO, Diet-induced changes in liver fatty acid compositions were broadly similar to those in muscle. Hepatic fatty acid desaturation and elongation activities, measured using [1(-14)C] 18:3(n-3), were increased with increasing dietary RO. Limited supplies of marine fish oils require that substitutes be found if growth in aquaculture is to be maintained such that fish health and product quality are not compromised. Thus, RO can be used successfully as a substitute for fish oil in the culture of Atlantic salmon in sea water although at levels of RO > 50% of dietary lipid, substantial reductions occur in muscle 20:5(n-3), 22:6(n-3) acid the (n-3)/(n-6) polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) ratio, which will result in reduced availability of the (n-3) highly unsaturated fatty acids that are beneficial for human health.