Differential experiences of Mexican policing by people who inject drugs residing in Tijuana and San Diego
Differential experiences of Mexican policing by people who inject drugs residing in Tijuana and San Diego
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DOI：
10.1016/j.drugpo.2016.12.010
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发表时间：
2017-03-01
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
Wagner, Karla D.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Wood, Emily F.;Werb, Dan;Wagner, Karla D.
工作背景：在美国和墨西哥对注射毒品者（PWID）进行的研究发现，PWID的监管对健康产生了一系列不利影响。我们采用混合方法设计，调查来自圣地亚哥和墨西哥的PWID如何在蒂华纳体验警务，以及这些互动如何影响PWID的行为，按原籍国分层。方法：2012- 2014年，圣地亚哥的575名PWID，其中102人在过去六个月内在墨西哥使用过毒品，参加了STAHR-II研究，与定性访谈进行了20谁最近在墨西哥注射毒品的子样本。在此期间，蒂华纳的735名残疾人也参加了El Cuete-IV研究，并对最近被警察拦下的20人进行了定性访谈。我们计算了定量变量的描述性统计，并对定性成绩单进行了主题分析。这些数据的整合涉及跨队列的频率比较和使用定性的主题来解释和探索findings.Results：百分之六十一的圣地亚哥的参与者最近被阻止了执法人员（LEO）在墨西哥，53%的报告说，这是有点或很可能，他们会被逮捕，而在墨西哥，因为他们看起来像一个吸毒者。90%的蒂华纳参与者最近被LEO阻止; 84%的人报告说，他们有点或非常有可能因为看起来像吸毒者而被捕。这两个组群的参与者都描述了墨西哥低地球轨道组织的贿赂和目标锁定。然而，大多数圣地亚哥的参与者认为，遵守贿赂是防止逮捕和拘留的一种保障，很少有虐待行为。住在蒂华纳的参与者描述说，他们经常成为低地球轨道组织的目标，经常被拘留，并报告了性暴力和身体暴力事件。蒂华纳的参与者描述了他们如何，在哪里以及与谁一起注射药物的反应;并经历了压力，焦虑和无力感。这是不太常见的圣地亚哥为基础的参与者，他们大多试图避免接触LEO在墨西哥，而从事危险的注射behavior.Conclusion：歧视和耻辱的经验，报告了较大比例的PWID生活在墨西哥，这表明他们可能会受到更大的健康危害与警务做法相比，那些居住在美国。我们的研究结果加强了努力遏制虐待和调整警务实践与公共卫生目标在美国和墨西哥的重要性。(C)2016爱思唯尔B. V.保留所有权利。
Background: Research among people who inject drugs (PWIDs) in the USA and Mexico has identified a range of adverse health impacts associated with policing of PWIDs. We employed a mixed methods design to investigate how PWIDs from San Diego and Mexico experienced policing in Tijuana, and how these interactions affect PWIDs behavior, stratifying by country of origin.Methods: In 2012-2014,575 PWIDs in San Diego, 102 of whom had used drugs in Mexico in the past six months, were enrolled in the STAHR-II study, with qualitative interviews conducted with a subsample of 20 who had recently injected drugs in Mexico. During this period, 735 PWIDs in Tijuana were also enrolled in the El Cuete-IV study, with qualitative interviews conducted with a subsample of 20 recently stopped by police. We calculated descriptive statistics for quantitative variables and conducted thematic analysis of qualitative transcripts. Integration of these data involved comparing frequencies across cohorts and using qualitative themes to explain and explore findings.Results: Sixty-one percent of San Diego-based participants had been recently stopped by law enforcement officers (LEOs) in Mexico; 53% reported it was somewhat or very likely that they would be arrested while in Mexico because they look like a drug user. Ninety percent of Tijuana-based participants had been recently stopped by LEOs; 84% reported it was somewhat or very likely they could get arrested because they look like a drug user. Participants in both cohorts described bribery and targeting by LEOs in Mexico. However, most San Diego-based participants described compliance with bribery as a safeguard against arrest and detention, with mistreatment being rare. Tijuana-based participants described being routinely targeted by LEOs, were frequently detained, and reported instances of sexual and physical violence. Tijuana-based participants described modifying how, where, and with whom they injected drugs in response; and experienced feelings of stress, anxiety, and powerlessness. This was less common among San Diego based participants, who mostly attempted to avoid contact with LEOs in Mexico while engaging in risky injection behavior.Conclusion: Experiences of discrimination and stigma were reported by a larger proportion of PWIDs living in Mexico, suggesting that they may be subject to greater health harms related to policing practices compared with those residing in the USA. Our findings reinforce the importance of efforts to curb abuse and align policing practices with public health goals in both the US and Mexico. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.