Grand-scale Atmospheric Imaging Apparatus (GAIA) and Wind LiDAR Multi-scale Measurements in the Atmospheric Surface Layer
Grand-scale Atmospheric Imaging Apparatus (GAIA) and Wind LiDAR Multi-scale Measurements in the Atmospheric Surface Layer
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DOI：
10.1175/bams-d-23-0066.1
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发表时间：
2023-11
影响因子：
8
通讯作者：
G. Iungo;Michele Guala;Jiarong Hong;Nathaniel Bristow;M. Puccioni;Peter Hartford;Roozbeh Ehsani-
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
G. Iungo;Michele Guala;Jiarong Hong;Nathaniel Bristow;M. Puccioni;Peter Hartford;Roozbeh Ehsani-
了解大气表层湍流结构的组织和动力学对于不同领域的基础和应用研究非常重要，包括天气预报，雪沉降，颗粒和污染物传输以及风能。与探测和模拟ASL中湍流相关的主要挑战是：i）与高雷诺数边界层中存在的不同涡旋相关的湍流尺度范围很广，从粘性尺度𝒪（mm）到大型含能结构（𝒪km）; ii）风条件的非平稳性和与大气稳定度日周期相关的变化; iii）不同大小的涡旋之间的相互作用填充不同层的ASL，这有助于动量，能量和标量湍流通量。需要创造性和创新的测量技术来探测近地表湍流，方法是在地面附近生成时空分辨数据，同时覆盖整个ASL高度，并具有足够大的流向范围来表征高空演变的较大涡流的动态。为此，美国国家科学基金会赞助了大尺度大气成像设备（GAIA）的开发，使超大型雪粒子图像测速（SLPIV）在ASL的近地表区域。GAIA的首个版本通过耦合SLPIV和两个扫描多普勒激光雷达提供了一个全面的测量系统，以前所未有的分辨率探测ASL。本文介绍了2021-2022年进行的实地活动及其初步结果，阐明了GAIA测量系统带来的新研究机会。
Understanding the organization and dynamics of turbulence structures in the atmospheric surface layer (ASL) is important for fundamental and applied research in different fields, including weather prediction, snow settling, particle and pollutant transport, and wind energy. The main challenges associated with probing and modeling turbulence in the ASL are: i) the broad range of turbulent scales associated with the different eddies present in high Reynolds-number boundary layers ranging from the viscous scale (𝒪(mm)) up to large energy-containing structures (𝒪(km)); ii) the non-stationarity of the wind conditions and the variability associated with the daily cycle of the atmospheric stability; iii) the interactions among eddies of different sizes populating different layers of the ASL, which contribute to momentum, energy, and scalar turbulent fluxes. Creative and innovative measurement techniques are required to probe near-surface turbulence by generating spatio-temporally-resolved data in the proximity of the ground and, at the same time, covering the entire ASL height with large enough streamwise extent to characterize the dynamics of larger eddies evolving aloft. To this aim, the U.S. National Science Foundation sponsored the development of the Grand-scale Atmospheric Imaging Apparatus (GAIA) enabling super-large snow particle image velocimetry (SLPIV) in the near-surface region of the ASL. This inaugural version of GAIA provides a comprehensive measuring system by coupling SLPIV and two scanning Doppler LiDARs to probe the ASL at an unprecedented resolution. A field campaign performed in 2021–2022 and its preliminary results are presented herein elucidating new research opportunities enabled by the GAIA measuring system.