Specificity of Postural Sway to the Demands of a Precision Task at Sea
Specificity of Postural Sway to the Demands of a Precision Task at Sea
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DOI：
10.1037/a0026661
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发表时间：
2012-06-01
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Stoffregen, Thomas A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chen, Fu-Chen;Stoffregen, Thomas A.
水手们积极地调整他们的身体方向以响应船舶运动。在海上的一艘船上，我们评估了站立姿势活动和精确瞄准任务的性能之间的关系。站立的参与者（经验丰富的水手）保持手持激光器的光束对准目标。目标或大或小，从而改变了瞄准任务的难度。目标位于前面的参与者或参与者的权利（要求参与者看右肩），从而改变功能的后果（为目标任务）的姿势活动在不同的身体轴。躯干朝向船头或船侧（横船），从而改变了船舶在不同轴上的差动运动对姿势活动的影响。天气恶劣，产生很大的船舶运动，有时导致参与者步行或蹒跚。我们的操作影响了头部和躯干运动的幅度和动力学，以及不同轴的运动组织。这些结果首次从经验上证实，躯干相对于船只的方向可以影响姿势活动。尽管船舶运动的影响很大，但姿势活动会受到目标位置和瞄准任务难度变化的影响，复制了在陆地上观察到的微妙影响。我们讨论了对船体设计和船上工作站放置的影响。
Mariners actively adjust their body orientation in response to ship motion. On a ship at sea, we evaluated relations between standing postural activity and the performance of a precision aiming task. Standing participants (experienced mariners) maintained the beam from a handheld laser on a target. Targets were large or small, thereby varying the difficulty of the aiming task. Targets were located in front of the participant or to the participant's right (requiring participants to look over the right shoulder), thereby varying the functional consequences (for the aiming task) of postural activity in different body axes. The torso was oriented toward the bow or toward the ship's side (athwartship), thereby varying the effects on postural activity of differential motion of the ship in its different axes. The weather was rough, producing high magnitudes of ship motion, which sometimes caused participants to step or stagger. Our manipulations influenced the magnitude and dynamics of head and torso movements, as well as the organization of movement in different axes. The results provide the first empirical confirmation that postural activity can be influenced by orientation of the torso relative to a ship. Despite powerful effects of ship motion, postural activity was influenced by variations in target location and in the difficulty of the aiming task, replicating subtle effects that have been observed on land. We discuss implications for hull design and the placement of workstations on ships.