The carcinogenesis bioassay in perspective: application in identifying human cancer hazards.
The carcinogenesis bioassay in perspective: application in identifying human cancer hazards.
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DOI：
10.1289/ehp.95103680
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发表时间：
1995-07
影响因子：
10.4
通讯作者：
Huff J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fung VA;Barrett JC;Huff J
在啮齿动物致癌性生物测定中，化学物质的选择过程偏向于那些被怀疑具有潜在致癌性的化学物质。对美国国家癌症研究所/国家毒理学计划（NCI/NTP）对400种化学物质进行致癌性生物测定的结果进行了分析，以确定阳性结果与化学物质选择标准的依赖性：那些怀疑具有致癌性的化学物质和那些根据大量生产和广泛接触而选择的化学物质。在这些化学物质中，210种（52%）在NCI/NTP通常使用的四个性别/物种组中的一个物种的一个性别的至少一个器官中诱发致癌性。400种化学物质中只有92种（23%）在两个物种中呈阳性，因此根据国际标准被认为可能对人类构成致癌危害。共有267种化学物质（67%）被选为可疑致癌物，其中187种（68%）是致癌物。在至少有一种阳性结果的化学品中，可疑化学品占86%，在两个物种中被认为呈阳性的化学品中，可疑化学品占90%。国际癌症研究机构（IARC）在400种化学物质中只列出了5种对人类致癌（第1类），10种可能对人类致癌（第2A类）。仅根据生产/暴露考虑而选择的133种化学物质中的大多数（80%）即使在最大耐受（或最低毒性）剂量下进行测试时，对动物也不会致癌。两个物种中仅有9例（6.8%）呈阳性，均未列入IARC 1组或2A组。因此，根据我们的分析，我们预测，在商业用途的75,000种化学品中，可以合理预期对人类致癌的化学品不到5-10%。
The selection process for chemicals tested in the rodent carcinogenicity bioassay has been biased toward chemicals suspected of potential carcinogenicity. Results from carcinogenicity bioassays of 400 chemicals tested by the National Cancer Institute/National Toxicology Program (NCI/NTP) were analyzed to determine the dependence of positive results on chemical selection criteria: those suspected of being carcinogenic and those selected based on large volumes produced and widespread exposures. Of these chemicals, 210 (52%) induced carcinogenicity in at least one organ of one sex of one species of the four sex/species groups typically used by NCI/NTP. Only 92 of the 400 chemicals (23%) were positive in two species and thus by international criteria are considered likely to pose a carcinogenic hazard to humans. A total of 267 chemicals (67%) were selected as suspect carcinogens, and 187 (68%) of these were carcinogenic. Suspect chemicals account for 86% of chemicals with at least one positive result and account for 90% of chemicals considered positive in two species. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) lists only 5 of the 400 chemicals as carcinogenic to humans (group 1) and 10 as probably carcinogenic to humans (group 2A). The majority (80%) of the 133 chemicals selected only on production/exposure considerations were not carcinogenic in animals, even when tested at the maximum tolerated (or minimally toxic) dose. Only 9 (6.8%) were positive in two species, and none is listed in IARC groups 1 or 2A. Thus, on the basis of our analyses we predict that less than 5-10% of the 75,000 chemicals in commercial use might be reasonably anticipated to be carcinogenic to humans.