Landscape and local site variables differentially influence pollinators and pollination services in urban agricultural sites
Landscape and local site variables differentially influence pollinators and pollination services in urban agricultural sites
复制标题
DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0212034
复制
发表时间：
2019-02-13
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Lovell, Sarah
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bennett, Ashley B.;Lovell, Sarah
城市化对生物多样性和生态系统功能有不利影响，因为农业和半自然栖息地被转变为以建筑特征为主的景观。城市农业用地日益成为城市景观的组成部分，有可能成为城市地区生物多样性保护和生态系统服务提供的来源。在19个城市农业站点，我们调查了周围的土地覆盖和当地的地点变量如何支持蜜蜂和授粉服务。我们发现，蜜蜂的丰度对景观和局部尺度变量的反应不同，这取决于身体大小和筑巢习惯。大体蜜蜂Bombus和Apis与不透水盖度的增加呈正相关，而小体土壤筑巢的Halictus物种的丰度则随着花面积(一个局部变量)比例的增加而增加。蜜蜂丰富度随不透水盖度的增加而降低，而蜜蜂群落组成则随不透水盖度的增加而变化。授粉服务在每个地点使用黄瓜植株进行测量，随着当地变量Hardscape的增加，授粉服务减少。为了改善城市农业场地的蜜蜂保护和授粉服务，我们的结果表明，城市规划策略应该尽量减少大空间尺度上的不渗透覆盖，而土地管理者应该专注于在当地整合花卉资源，这将增加食物和筑巢资源，特别是对于较小的蜜蜂物种。当地场地设计与区域城市规划相结合，可以促进城市农业的成功，同时通过为城市景观中的传粉者保护创造机会而使生物多样性受益。
Urbanization has detrimental effects on biodiversity and ecosystem functioning, as agricultural and semi-natural habitats are converted into landscapes dominated by built features. Urban agricultural sites are a growing component of urban landscapes and have potential to serve as a source of biodiversity conservation and ecosystem service provisioning in urban areas. In 19 urban agricultural sites, we investigated how surrounding land cover and local site variables supported bees and pollination services. We found the abundance of bees differentially responded to landscape and local scale variables depending on body size and nesting habit. Large-bodied bees, Bombus and Apis species, were positively associated with increasing amounts of impervious cover, while the abundance of small-bodied soil nesting Halictus species increased as the proportion of flower area, a local variable, increased. Bee richness declined with increasing levels of impervious cover, while bee community composition changed along a gradient of increasing impervious cover. Pollination services, measured at each site using sentinel cucumber plants, declined as hardscape, a local variable, increased. To improve bee conservation and pollination services in urban agricultural sites, our results suggest urban planning strategies should minimize impervious cover at large spatial scales while land managers should focus locally on incorporating floral resources, which increases food and nesting resources especially for smaller bee species. Local site design coupled with regional urban planning can advance the success of urban agriculture, while benefiting biodiversity by creating opportunities for pollinator conservation in urban landscapes.