NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES DETERMINANTS OF DISPARITIES IN COVID-19 JOB LOSSES
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES DETERMINANTS OF DISPARITIES IN COVID-19 JOB LOSSES
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NBER 工作论文系列 COVID-19 失业差异的决定因素
DOI：
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发表时间：
2020
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Bruce A. Weinberg
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Laura Montenovo;Xuan Jiang;Felipe Lozano Rojas;Ian M. Schmutte;K. I. Simon;Bruce A. Weinberg
我们为了解COVID-19疫情和政策应对如何影响美国劳动力市场做出了几项贡献，以前两次经济衰退为基准。首先，每月当前人口调查（CPS）数据显示，2020年4月（相对于2月）西班牙裔，20至24岁的工人以及具有高中学历和一些大学学历的工人的就业率下降幅度更大。第二，我们表明，在需要更多人际接触和不能远程执行的职业中，失业率更高。流行病前的分类更有可能进行远程工作的职业和目前必不可少的行业解释了关键种族，民族，年龄和教育亚群最近失业的大部分差距。然而，性别就业差距中有一个更大的原因不明的组成部分。我们亦解决已知影响二零二零年三月及四月CPS的计量问题。特别是，不答复的情况急剧增加，特别是在即将到来的轮调小组中。其中一些增长似乎是非随机的，但不太可能推动我们的结论。我们还证明了跟踪工人谁报告有工作，但缺席，除了跟踪就业和失业工人的重要性。最后，我们讨论了我们确定的COVID-19危机造成的劳动力市场损失差异所隐含的政策优先事项。劳拉蒙特诺沃印第安纳州大学2451 E。美国印第安纳州布卢明顿10街47408 lmonten@iu.edu Xuan Jiang俄亥俄州州立大学1945 N High St哥伦布，OH 43210 osu.edu Felipe Lozano Rojas印第安纳州大学2451 E. flozanor@indiana.edu布卢明顿第10街，邮编47408。格鲁吉亚大学商学院，邮编30602。schmutte@uga.edu西蒙奥尼尔公共和环境事务学院印第安纳州大学1315东第十街布卢明顿，在47405-1701和国家经济研究局simonkos@indiana.edu布鲁斯A。温伯格经济学系俄亥俄州州立大学410 Arps Hall 1945 North High Street哥伦布，OH 43210和NBER osu.edu Coady Wing印第安纳州大学1315 E 10 th St布卢明顿，IN 47401 cwing@indiana.edu
We make several contributions to understanding how the COVID-19 epidemic and policy responses have affected U.S. labor markets, benchmarked against two previous recessions. First, monthly Current Population Survey (CPS) data show greater declines in employment in April 2020 (relative to February) for Hispanics, workers aged 20 to 24, and those with high school degrees and some college. Second, we show that job loss was larger in occupations that require more interpersonal contact and that cannot be performed remotely. Pre-epidemic sorting into occupations with more potential for remote work and industries that are currently essential explain a large share of gaps in recent unemployment for key racial, ethnic, age, and education sub-populations. However, there is a larger unexplained component to the gender employment gaps. We also address measurement issues known to have affected the March and April 2020 CPS. In particular, non-response increased dramatically, especially among the incoming rotation groups. Some of the increase appears non-random, but is not likely to be driving our conclusions. We also demonstrate the importance of tracking workers who report having a job but being absent, in addition to tracking employed and unemployed workers. We conclude with a discussion of policy priorities implied by the disparities in labor market losses from the COVID-19 crisis that we identify. Laura Montenovo Indiana University 2451 E. 10th Street Bloomington, IN 47408 lmonten@iu.edu Xuan Jiang The Ohio State University 1945 N High St Columbus, OH 43210 jiang.445@osu.edu Felipe Lozano Rojas Indiana University 2451 E. 10th Street Bloomington, IN 47408 flozanor@indiana.edu Ian M. Schmutte Terry College of Business University of Georgia Athens, GA 30602 schmutte@uga.edu Kosali I. Simon O’Neill School of Public and Environmental Affairs Indiana University 1315 East Tenth Street Bloomington, IN 47405-1701 and NBER simonkos@indiana.edu Bruce A. Weinberg Department of Economics Ohio State University 410 Arps Hall 1945 North High Street Columbus, OH 43210 and NBER weinberg.27@osu.edu Coady Wing Indiana University 1315 E 10th St Bloomington, IN 47401 cwing@indiana.edu