Review of ecological compensation in hydropower development
Review of ecological compensation in hydropower development
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水电开发中的生态补偿问题述评
DOI：
10.1016/j.rser.2015.10.038
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发表时间：
2016-03
影响因子：
15.9
通讯作者：
Bing Yu;Linyu Xu
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Bing Yu;Linyu Xu
生态补偿通过内化环境外部性，调整与利益相关者的利益关系，实现能源、经济、环境的协调发展。水电是一种清洁的可再生能源，建立水电生态补偿机制是促进水电可持续发展的迫切需要。在此背景下，本文回顾了以往的补偿研究，探讨了生态补偿在水电可持续发展中的特殊作用。本文从水电开发生态补偿机制的内涵、利益主体、补偿方式、补偿标准的制定等方面对水电开发生态补偿机制的建立进行了探讨和完善。研究发现，目前水电开发生态补偿机制尚不完善，各种生态补偿模式的准确性、适用性和合理性有待进一步研究。在此基础上，本文构建了一个完整的生态补偿机制框架，以避免对大型水电项目的部分补偿。在这一新的补偿机制框架下，流离失所者、被淹没的栖息地和受管制的河流被确定为接受者，而水电开发的受益者被确定为支付者。研究结果还表明，在设计水电开发中的自然栖息地恢复、移民补偿和生态系统服务付费（PES）时，应将市场主导和政府主导的补偿相结合。同时，结合我国水电开发的实际情况，提出了水电梯级生态补偿开发模式，以说明生态补偿机制建设的逐步完善。
Ecological compensation could coordinate the development of energy, the economy, and the environment by internalizing environmental externalities and adjusting for the relationships with stakeholders׳ benefits. Thus, because hydropower is a clean and renewable form of energy, it is urgent that an ecological compensation mechanism be established for hydropower to promote its sustainable development. In this context, this paper has reviewed previous compensation research to explore the particular role that ecological compensation has had in the sustainable development of hydropower. The paper discusses and perfects the ecological compensation mechanism establishment in hydropower development, discussing its connotation, stakeholders, modes, and development of standards. We found that the current ecological compensation mechanism in hydropower development was not complete; the accuracy, applicability and reasonability of each mode of ecological compensation in hydropower development required additional study. Based on these findings, in this review paper, a complete ecological compensation mechanism framework was constructed to avoid the partial compensation on large hydropower projects. With this new compensation mechanism framework, the displaced people, inundated habitats, and regulated rivers were identified as the recipients, whereas the beneficiaries from the hydropower development were identified as the payers. The findings also indicated that the market-led and government-led compensation should be integrated when designing natural habitat restoration, resettlement compensation, and payment for ecosystem services (PES) in hydropower development. Additionally, a cascade ecological compensation development mode was proposed for hydropower development according to the practical situation in China to illustrate the gradual perfection of the ecological compensation mechanism establishment.