Glacier change and its effect on surface runoff in the source regions of the Yangtze and Yellow rivers
Glacier change and its effect on surface runoff in the source regions of the Yangtze and Yellow rivers
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发表时间：
2003
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通讯作者：
Che Ren-sheng
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作者：
Che Ren-sheng
冰川是长江黄河源区生态环境的重要组成部分。长期以来，冰川变化对生态环境的影响一直是源区研究者关注的问题。地理信息系统为分析冰川的现状和变化提供了有效的工具。本文选择长江源区格拉丹东地区和黄河源区阿涅玛沁山作为试验区。基于长江源区格拉丹东地区1969年和2000年两个时期的遥感数据，分析了长江源地区冰川变化对生态环境的影响。对黄河源区阿涅玛沁山1966年和2000年两次小冰期(LIA)盛期、1966年和2000年的冰川变化进行了航片、卫星图像分析。通过对上述两个试验区的研究，得出了长江和黄河整个源区的冰川变化。选取沱沱河流域为典型区域。分析了沱沱河流域冰川变化对地表径流的影响。结果表明，长江源区格拉丹东地区的冰川面积从1969年到2000年减少了约1.7%，黄河源区的阿涅玛沁山冰川面积从1966年到2000年减少了约17%，而格尔东地区冰川末端的最大退缩速度为每年41.5m而阿涅玛沁山每年5740万米。与黄河源头地区的冰川相比，长江源区冰川退缩速率较小，冰川基本稳定。1969年至1995年长江源区冰川进退明显，1966年至1981年黄河源区冰川进退明显。在此期间，大部分冰川处于进退状态。长江源区冰川进退的时间比黄河源区晚10年左右。冰川退缩造成长江和黄河源区每年约700万立方米的冰川流失，造成长江和黄河源区水资源的流失。尽管冰川退缩导致冰川融水径流增加，但黄河源区冰川消退的时间比黄河源区晚10年左右。冰川消退造成长江和黄河源区每年约700万立方米的冰川流失，造成长江和黄河源区水资源的流失。尽管冰川消退导致冰川融水径流增加，但黄河源区冰川消退的时间比黄河源区晚10年左右由于冰川变化幅度较小，冰川退缩对地表径流的影响相对较小。
Glacier is an important component of eco-environment in the source regions of the Yangtze and Yellow rivers.The effects of glacier change on eco-environment has attracted re-searcher's attentions for a long time past in the source regions.GIS provides an efficient tool to analyze the status and change of glaciers.In the paper,the Geladandong area in the source region of the Yangtze River and A'nyemaqen Mountains in the source region of the Yellow River are selected as the test areas.Based on RS data in the two periods-one in1969and the other in2000in Geladan dong area of the source region of the Yangtze River,one in1966and the other in2000in A'nyemaqen Mountains of the source region of the Yellow River,glacier variations during the Little Ice Age(LIA)maximum,in1969(1966)and2000are analyzed by means of aerial photos,satellite images,topographic maps and the derived digital elevation models (DEM).Glacier changes in the whole source regions of the Yangtze and Yellow rivers are inferred from study of the above two test areas.Tuotuohe basin is selected as typical area.The impacts of glacier variations on surface runoff are analyzed in Tuotuohe basin in the paper.The results indi-cate that the glacier area had decreased by about 1.7%from1969to2000in Geladandong area of the source region of the Yangtze River,while about 17%from1966to2000in A'nyemaqen Mountains of the source region of the Yellow River,and that the largest retreat rate of glacier terminus is41.5m per year in the Geladandong area,while57.4m per year in A'nyemaqen Mountains.Compared with glaciers in the source region of the Yellow River,withdrawal rate of glaciers is smaller and glaciers seem almost steady in the source region of the Yangtze River.Glaciers advance markedly from1969to1995in the source region of the Yangtze River and from1966to1981in the source region of the Yellow River.At this period the majority of glaciers is in advance or stable state.The changing time from glacier advance into retreat in the source region of the Yangtze River is about 10years later than that in the source region of the Yellow river.Glacier retreat results in about 7million cubic meters losses of glacier causes water resources every year in the source regions of the Yangtze and Yellow rivers,respectively.Although retreat of glaciers causes increase in glacier melt water runoff,the effect of glacier retreat on sur -face runoff is relatively small because of small ampli tude of glacier change.