The Congo River, Central Africa
The Congo River, Central Africa
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刚果河，中非
DOI：
10.1002/9780470723722.ch14
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发表时间：
2008
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
J. Runge
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Runge
刚果河全长4374公里，是非洲仅次于尼罗河的第二大河，也是世界上最长的河流之一。几个世纪以来，刚果河及其支流一直是人类的传统迁徙途径。在刚果河口以南，中世纪的Kongo王国已经被发现。刚果河地区的“非洲大战争”在卢旺达内战期间造成了持续的不稳定、暴力和国家衰败的局面。本章描述了刚果河的季节性径流模式，其支流的贡献流量在很大程度上取决于这个位于赤道对岸的盆地的年降雨量特征和该盆地复杂的环境性质。刚果海底峡谷长400多公里，水深3000-3200米。除了水力发电，刚果河主要用于基础设施和交通运输。
The Congo, with a length of 4374 km, is the second longest river in Africa after the Nile and one of the longest in the world. The Congo River and its tributaries have been traditional migration pathways for humans for centuries. South of the Congo mouth, the medieval Kongo Kingdom has been identified. The ‘Great African War' in the sphere of the Congo River caused ongoing situation of instability, violence, and state decay in conjunction with the Rwandan civil war. This chapter describes the seasonal run‐off pattern of the Congo River with contributing discharges from its tributaries is strongly determined by annual rainfall characteristics of this basin located across the Equator and the complex environmental nature of the basin. The submarine canyon of the Congo is over 400 km long, down to a water depth of 3000–3200 m. Apart from generation of hydroelectricity, the Congo River is used mainly for infrastructure and transport.