The long‐term impacts of deer herbivory in determining temperate forest stand and canopy structural complexity
The long‐term impacts of deer herbivory in determining temperate forest stand and canopy structural complexity
复制标题
鹿食草对确定温带森林林分和冠层结构复杂性的长期影响
DOI：
10.1111/1365-2664.14095
复制
发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
5.7
通讯作者：
P. Curtis
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
S. P. Reed;A. Royo;A. Fotis;K. S. Knight;C. E. Flower;P. Curtis
有蹄类动物对全球森林植被造成巨大的消耗压力，造成生物多样性减少和植被结构简化。然而，尚未解决的问题是，连续早期发生的浏览引起的变化是否最终会在发达的森林冠层中表现出来。了解这些遗产的发展和持久性是至关重要的，因为冠层结构是森林生态系统功能的重要决定因素，如碳封存和野生动物栖息地。我们测量了白色‐tailed deerOdocoileus virginianus在林分形成过程中如何影响冠层结构，树种丰富度，多样性，树干密度和断面积在宾夕法尼亚州的阿勒格尼高原使用便携式冠层激光雷达系统。我们利用了一个历史性的鹿围栏实验，森林受到四个鹿密度（4，8，15，25鹿/平方公里）为10年后的立场initiation.Deer浏览对森林冠层的影响是明显的近四十年以来的立场开始。鹿密度最高的治疗经历了显着减少树种多样性，密度和断面积的立场成为占主导地位的黑cherryPrunus pastina。减少上层的多样性和树木密度导致更开放的树冠低叶面积和高水平叶变异。冠层在鹿密度最低和最高时最高。合成和应用。使用便携式冠层激光雷达系统和以前的鹿围栏实验，我们表明，在林分形成期间，高鹿浏览压力可能对林分和冠层结构产生长达数十年的影响。高鹿密度导致的立场与较低的物种多样性和树木密度，这导致在树冠较高，密度较低。随着林冠的遥感变得越来越普遍，考虑到有蹄类食草动物对林冠结构的影响，可以为土地管理和我们对生态功能的理解提供信息，例如森林碳汇，维持多样化的林下群落，以及创造野生动物栖息地
Ungulates place immense consumptive pressure on forest vegetation globally, leaving legacies of reduced biodiversity and simplified vegetative structure. However, what remains unresolved is whether browse‐induced changes occurring early in succession ultimately manifest themselves in the developed forest canopy. Understanding the development and persistence of these legacies is critical as canopy structure is an important determinant of forest ecosystem functions such as carbon sequestration and wildlife habitat.We measured how white‐tailed deerOdocoileus virginianusbrowse during stand initiation affected canopy structure, tree species richness, diversity, stem density, and basal area on Pennsylvania's Allegheny Plateau using a portable canopy LiDAR system. We capitalized on an historic deer enclosure experiment where forests were subjected to four deer densities (4, 8, 15, and 25 deer/km2) for 10 years following stand initiation.Deer browsing impacts on the forest canopy are apparent nearly four decades since stand initiation. The highest deer density treatment experienced a significant reduction in tree species diversity, density, and basal area with stands becoming dominated by black cherryPrunus serotina. Reductions in overstorey diversity and tree density resulted in a more open canopy with low leaf area and high horizontal leaf variability. Canopies were tallest at the lowest and highest deer densities.Synthesis and applications. Using a portable canopy LiDAR system and a former deer enclosure experiment, we show that high deer browsing pressure during stand initiation can have a decades‐long impact on stand and canopy structure. High deer densities led to stands with lower species diversity and tree density, which resulted in canopies that were taller and less dense. As remote sensing of the canopy becomes more prevalent, considering the legacy of ungulate herbivory on canopy structure may inform both land management and our understanding of ecological function, such as forest carbon sequestration, maintenance of diverse understory communities, and creation of wildlife habitat