Intrinsic spatial knowledge about terrestrial ecology favors the tall for judging distance.
Intrinsic spatial knowledge about terrestrial ecology favors the tall for judging distance.
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DOI：
10.1126/sciadv.1501070
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发表时间：
2016-08
期刊：
影响因子：
13.6
通讯作者：
He ZJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Zhou L;Ooi TL;He ZJ
在中等距离范围内，身高越高的人对目标位置的判断越准确。我们的视觉可靠地指导和指导我们的日常行动，如伸手和走路。这种能力尤其令人着迷，因为投射到我们眼睛中的自然场景的光学图像不足以充分形成感知空间。有人提出，大脑通过利用其固有的空间知识来弥补这一不足。然而，目前还不清楚什么是固有的空间知识，以及它是如何获得的。我们调查了这个问题，并展示了生态学基础的证据，该基础使用了观察者和陆地环境(即地面)之间的统计空间关系。我们发现，在黑暗和减少线索的环境中，内在知识有更大的贡献，当参考地面时，感知到的目标位置比参考天花板时更准确。此外，更高的观察者更准确地定位了目标。在全线索环境中也可以观察到更好的表现，即使我们通过让高个子的观察者坐在椅子上，让矮个子的观察者站在盒子上来补偿观察者的身高。尽管这一发现令人着迷，但它与生态假说对内在空间知识的预测相吻合。这表明，一个人一生积累的身高经验以及他或她与地面物体的持续互动不仅决定了他或她的固有空间知识，而且还赋予他或她在中等距离范围内的空间能力优势。
Taller people are more accurate in judging target location in the intermediate distance range. Our sense of vision reliably directs and guides our everyday actions, such as reaching and walking. This ability is especially fascinating because the optical images of natural scenes that project into our eyes are insufficient to adequately form a perceptual space. It has been proposed that the brain makes up for this inadequacy by using its intrinsic spatial knowledge. However, it is unclear what constitutes intrinsic spatial knowledge and how it is acquired. We investigated this question and showed evidence of an ecological basis, which uses the statistical spatial relationship between the observer and the terrestrial environment, namely, the ground surface. We found that in dark and reduced-cue environments where intrinsic knowledge has a greater contribution, perceived target location is more accurate when referenced to the ground than to the ceiling. Furthermore, taller observers more accurately localized the target. Superior performance was also observed in the full-cue environment, even when we compensated for the observers’ heights by having the taller observer sit on a chair and the shorter observers stand on a box. Although fascinating, this finding dovetails with the prediction of the ecological hypothesis for intrinsic spatial knowledge. It suggests that an individual’s accumulated lifetime experiences of being tall and his or her constant interactions with ground-based objects not only determine intrinsic spatial knowledge but also endow him or her with an advantage in spatial ability in the intermediate distance range.
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DOI：
10.3758/bf03211961
发表时间：
1999-04-01
期刊：
PERCEPTION & PSYCHOPHYSICS
影响因子：
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作者：
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通讯作者：
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10.3758/bf03193534
发表时间：
2005-07-01
期刊：
PERCEPTION & PSYCHOPHYSICS
影响因子：
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作者：
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DOI：
10.3758/bf03214141
发表时间：
1973-01-01
期刊：
PERCEPTION & PSYCHOPHYSICS
影响因子：
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