Modulating Endochondral Ossification of Multipotent Stromal Cells for Bone Regeneration
Modulating Endochondral Ossification of Multipotent Stromal Cells for Bone Regeneration
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DOI：
10.1089/ten.teb.2009.0712
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发表时间：
2010-08-01
影响因子：
6.4
通讯作者：
Dhert, Wouter J. A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Gawlitta, Debby;Farrell, Eric;Dhert, Wouter J. A.
多年来，人们已经认识到，只有克服血管化的障碍，大骨结构的工程才是可行的。工程化骨组织的尝试主要集中在膜内（直接）骨形成。一个相对较新的和最有可能更生理的方法是软骨内骨形成，包括一个中间软骨阶段。自然界中的软骨是无血管组织，其细胞能够在植入组织固有的不良氧合和营养条件下存活。软骨细胞随后的终末分化（肥大）引发矿化基质的形成，然后将其转化为骨。通过这种机制，我们的长骨生长，大多数骨折通过继发性骨折愈合过程愈合。软骨内骨组织工程这一诱人的概念的可行性已经得到证实。由于多能性基质细胞具有扩增和分化的巨大潜力以及免疫豁免的性质，因此大多数的重点已经转向多能性基质细胞。本文将重点介绍这一新领域的前景和现状。此外，将讨论软骨内骨组织工程的有效调节剂，包括氧张力和机械刺激。
For years it has been recognized that engineering of large bone constructs will be feasible only if the hurdle of vascularization is overcome. Attempts to engineer bone tissue have predominantly focused on intramembranous (direct) bone formation. A relatively new and most likely more physiological approach in this line is endochondral bone formation, comprising an intermediate cartilaginous stage. Cartilage in nature is an avascular tissue and its cells are equipped to survive the poor oxygenation and nutritional conditions inherent to implanted tissues. Subsequent terminal differentiation (hypertrophy) of the chondrocytes initiates the formation of a mineralized matrix that will then be converted into bone. Through this mechanism, our long bones grow and most fractures heal through the process of secondary fracture healing. The feasibility of the attractive concept of endochondral bone tissue engineering has already been shown. Most emphasis has gone to the multipotent stromal cells because of their great potential for expansion and differentiation and immunoprivileged nature. This review will focus on the promises and current status of this new field. Further, potent modulators of endochondral bone tissue engineering, including oxygen tension and mechanical stimuli, will be discussed.