Comparative analysis using K-mer and K-flank patterns provides evidence for CpG island sequence evolution in mammalian genomes.

Comparative analysis using K-mer and K-flank patterns provides evidence for CpG island sequence evolution in mammalian genomes.
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DOI:
10.1093/nar/gkt144
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发表时间:
2013-05
影响因子:
14.9
通讯作者:
Kim S
Kim S
中科院分区:
生物学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Chae H;Park J;Lee SW;Nephew KP;Kim S

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CpG岛是一种富含GC的区域,通常位于基因的5′端,在哺乳动物中通常被保护免于胞嘧啶甲基化。CpG岛在基因转录中的重要作用强烈表明哺乳动物基因组中的进化保守性。然而,由于CpG二核苷酸在CpG岛中过度表达,使用常规序列分析技术进行比较CpG岛分析仍然是表观遗传学领域的主要挑战。在这项研究中,我们进行了10个哺乳动物基因组中的所有CpG岛序列的比较分析。由于序列相似性方法和字符组成技术(如信息论)特别难以进行,我们使用CpG岛序列中的精确模式和单个字符差异来识别CpG岛序列中的差异。首先,通过基于秩相关检验计算基因组距离,我们表明,CpG位点周围的k-mer和k-flank模式可以用来正确地重建10个哺乳动物基因组的同源性。此外,我们使用各种机器学习算法来证明CpG岛序列可以使用k-mer来表征。此外,通过在9种不同的哺乳动物基因组上测试人类模型,我们提供了第一个证据,即k-mer签名与进化历史是一致的。
CpG islands are GC-rich regions often located in the 5′ end of genes and normally protected from cytosine methylation in mammals. The important role of CpG islands in gene transcription strongly suggests evolutionary conservation in the mammalian genome. However, as CpG dinucleotides are over-represented in CpG islands, comparative CpG island analysis using conventional sequence analysis techniques remains a major challenge in the epigenetics field. In this study, we conducted a comparative analysis of all CpG island sequences in 10 mammalian genomes. As sequence similarity methods and character composition techniques such as information theory are particularly difficult to conduct, we used exact patterns in CpG island sequences and single character discrepancies to identify differences in CpG island sequences. First, by calculating genome distance based on rank correlation tests, we show that k-mer and k-flank patterns around CpG sites can be used to correctly reconstruct the phylogeny of 10 mammalian genomes. Further, we used various machine learning algorithms to demonstrate that CpG islands sequences can be characterized using k-mers. In addition, by testing a human model on the nine different mammalian genomes, we provide the first evidence that k-mer signatures are consistent with evolutionary history.
哺乳动物启动子的足迹:使用CpG DNA甲基转移酶在单个分子水平上揭示了核小体位置。
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