The role of RNA G-quadruplexes in human diseases and therapeutic strategies
The role of RNA G-quadruplexes in human diseases and therapeutic strategies
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DOI：
10.1002/wrna.1568
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发表时间：
2019-09-12
影响因子：
7.3
通讯作者：
Basu, Soumitra
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Kharel, Prakash;Balaratnam, Sumirtha;Basu, Soumitra
G-四链体（GQ）是由富含G的核酸序列形成的四链二级结构。DNA GQ大量存在于基因组中，并影响与DNA相关的广泛过程。最近的研究表明，RNA GQ存在于不同的转录本中，包括mRNA的编码区和非编码区、端粒RNA以及其他未成熟和成熟的非编码RNA。当存在于RNA内的特定位置时，GQ在关键生物学功能中发挥重要作用，包括基因表达和端粒稳态的调节。RNA GQ调节前mRNA加工，如剪接和聚腺苷酸化。显然，在其他过程中，RNA GQ还控制mRNA翻译、miRNA和皮尔纳生物合成以及RNA定位。由RNA GQ控制的调节机制主要涉及与RNA结合蛋白的结合，所述RNA结合蛋白调节GQ构象或作为一个实体在招募额外的蛋白质调节剂中充当加工机器的阻断元件。在这里，我们概述了越来越多的发现，揭示了RNA GQ在生物学中的作用及其在人类疾病和治疗中的相关性。本文分类下：RNA结构和动力学> RNA结构在生物系统中的影响RNA在疾病和发展> RNA在疾病
G-quadruplexes (GQs) are four-stranded secondary structures formed by G-rich nucleic acid sequence(s). DNA GQs are present abundantly in the genome and affect a wide range of processes associated with DNA. Recent studies show that RNA GQs are present in different transcripts, including coding and noncoding areas of mRNA, telomeric RNA as well as in other premature and mature noncoding RNAs. When present at specific locations within the RNAs, GQs play important roles in key biological functions, including the regulation of gene expression and telomere homeostasis. RNA GQs regulate pre-mRNA processing, such as splicing and polyadenylation. Evidently, among other processes, RNA GQs also control mRNA translation, miRNA and piRNA biogenesis, and RNA localization. The regulatory mechanisms controlled by RNA GQs mainly involve binding to RNA binding protein that modulate GQ conformation or serve as an entity in recruiting additional protein regulators to act as a block element to the processing machinery. Here we provide an overview of the ever-increasing number of discoveries revealing the role of RNA GQs in biology and their relevance in human diseases and therapeutics. This article is categorized under: RNA Structure and Dynamics > Influence of RNA Structure in Biological Systems RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease