New Promising Citrus Triploid Hybrids Selected from Crosses between Monoembryonic Diploid Female and Tetraploid Male Parents
New Promising Citrus Triploid Hybrids Selected from Crosses between Monoembryonic Diploid Female and Tetraploid Male Parents
复制标题
DOI：
10.21273/hortsci.40.3.516
复制
发表时间：
2005-06
期刊：
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
G. R. Recupero;G. Russo;S. Recupero
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
G. R. Recupero;G. Russo;S. Recupero
柑橘三倍体杂交种的培育始于1978年在意大利的Acireale的Istituto Sperimentale per l'Agrumicoltura spell out（Starrantino and Reforgiato，1981）。使用的策略是将单胚2x母本与4x父本杂交。胚和胚乳倍性（3：4）之间的不平衡使得来自这种杂交的种子不能在体内发芽。然而，体外培养已被用于拯救胚胎。本文报道了甜橙子（Citrus sinensis（L.）Osbeck）、普通柑橘（C. reticulata布兰科（Blanco）、小柑橘（C. reticulata布兰科）、葡萄柚（C. paradisi Macf.），pummelo（C.maxima）、Tangor（C.网花C. sinensis）、柠檬（C.利蒙L. Burm. f.），香橼C. medica L.），和（P.hindsii（Champ.）秋千四倍体是由珠心或其它体细胞组织的染色体数目加倍而产生的。分离和重组过程导致三倍体杂种的特征更接近于4x亲本而不是2x亲本。这一策略对于在回交世代后获得与亲本相似的无籽杂种是重要的。在过去的几年里，世界各地的柑橘市场都需要容易去皮和无核的柑橘水果。橙子、小柑橘和葡萄柚的许多栽培品种都是无籽的，而柑橘和类柑橘的果实中种子的数量往往使它们对消费者不那么友好。许多育种计划已经分离出具有良好性状的柑橘二倍体杂交种，但事实上它们不是无核的，这损害了它们的市场潜力。近年来，由于无核克莱门汀的选择（“Comune”、“Nules”、“Oroval”、"Oronules“、”Hernandina“等），”Aesthetic“柑橘和”Monreal“克莱门汀在意大利柑橘工业中的流行度逐渐下降。2x柑桔无核与雄配子体或雌配子体不育、自交不亲和有关。
The breeding of citrus triploid hybrids started at Istituto Sperimentale per l'Agrumicoltura spell out in Acireale, Italy, in 1978 (Starrantino and Reforgiato, 1981). The strategy used has been to cross a monoembryonic 2x female parent with a 4x male parent. The imbalance between the embryo and endosperm ploidy (3:4) makes seeds from such crossings incapable of germinating in vivo. However, in vitro cultivation has been used to rescue the embryos. In this paper we report the main characteristics of triploid hybrids from 22 different parents, including sweet orange (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck), mandarin (C. reticulata Blanco), clementine (C. reticulata Blanco), grapefruit (C. paradisi Macf.), pummelo (C.maxima ), tangor (C. reticulata × C. sinensis), lemon (C. limon (L.) Burm. f.), citron (C. medica L.), and Fortunella hindsii (Champ.) Swing. Tetraploid par- ents are duplex because they originate from the doubling of chromosome number of the nucella or of other somatic tissues. The segregation and recombination process results in triploid hybrids with characteristics that are nearer to the 4x parent than the 2x one. This strategy is important in obtaining seedless hybrids similar to a parent after genera- tions of backcrossing. Over the last few years the citrus market worldwide has required easy peeling and seedless citrus fruit. Many cultivated variet- ies of orange, clementine and grapefruit are seedless, whereas the number of seeds in mandarin and mandarin-like fruit often makes them less consumer friendly. Many breeding programmes have isolated mandarin diploid hybrids possessing good characteristics, but the fact they are not seedless has jeopardised their market potential. Recently the popular- ity of 'Avana' mandarin and the 'Monreal' clementine in the Italian citrus industry has progressively declined as a consequence of the seedless clementine selections ('Comune', 'Nules', 'Oroval', 'Oronules', 'Hernandina', etc.). Seedlessness in 2x Citrus is related to male or female gametophyte sterility, self-