Experimental investigations of the ionospheric E-layer
Experimental investigations of the ionospheric E-layer
复制标题
电离层E层的实验研究
DOI：
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发表时间：
1959
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
B. Robinson
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
B. Robinson
本文讨论了通过各种实验技术获得的关于电离层E层的最新信息。基本资料是通过常规脉冲探测进行的穿透频率测量提供的，大致说明了白天电离随季节和纬度的变化情况，以及太阳活动和磁流系统变化的影响。测量高度变化的特殊无线电反射实验取得了重要成果，特别是关于潮汐运动。该层的详细结构也是从高分辨率脉冲探测中推断出来的。关于该层结构的独立信息已直接使用火箭确定，并显示出与从地面观测推断出的结构的显着差异。用高分辨率电离层探测仪进行的观测表明，E层的反射往往非常复杂，这给确定正常E层的特征带来了不确定性。简要讨论了层中精细结构的观测结果。利用火箭测量太阳辐射和大气成分，可以预测E层电离的分布;这一预测与精确探测确定的分布非常吻合。描述了在太阳耀斑和无线电衰落期间电离变化的观测。
This paper discusses the recent information gained about the E-layer of the ionosphere by various experimental techniques. The basic information is provided by penetration-frequency measurements made from routine pulse soundings, giving a general picture of the variation of the ionization during the day, with season and with latitude, as well as the effect of changing solar activity and of the magnetic current system. Special radio-reflection experiments to measure height changes have yielded important results, particularly concerning tidal movements. The detailed structure of the layer has also been deduced from high-resolution pulse soundings. Independent information about the structure of the layer has been determined directly using rockets, and shows marked differences from the structure deduced from ground observations. Observations with high-resolution ionosondes reveal that the reflections from the E-region are often very complex, and this introduces uncertainties in the identification of the characteristics of the normal E-layer. A brief discussion is given of observations of fine-structure in the layer. Rocket measurements of solar radiations and of the atmospheric composition have made it possible to predict the distribution of ionization in the E-layer; this prediction is in quite good agreement with the distribution determined from accurate soundings. Observations of changes in the ionization during solar flares and radio fade-outs are described.