Superconductivity and electric power: promises, promises ... past, present and future
Superconductivity and electric power: promises, promises ... past, present and future
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DOI：
10.1109/77.614432
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发表时间：
1997-06
影响因子：
1.8
通讯作者：
P. Grant
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
P. Grant
至少可以说，期待已久的超导与电力的结合已经经历了漫长的过程。这些婚礼是否真的会成为现实，是我们在这里敢于回答的一个问题，我们充分认识到其中的陷阱，几乎在 1911 年发现超导之后，超导就被普遍吹捧为无损电力传输的关键……至少在这些早期材料的 I 型性质被认识之前……不幸的是，这种兴奋和幻灭的循环是该领域整个历史的典型。随着本世纪中叶II型超导体的出现和开发，电力应用方面取得了巨大的技术进步，到了20世纪80年代初期，输电电缆和旋转机械的运行原型出现了，尽管如此，这些成就并没有成熟为商业电力产品，主要是因为当时已经发展的经济和社会因素……成功的保护工作降低了预期的电力负荷增长，讽刺的是，超导提供的增量效率不再需要以所涉及的成本为代价……这是一个重要的教训因为一项技术的成功部署往往取决于不可预见的因素以及其内部开发之外的因素。从 1986 年至今，见证了氧化铜钙钛矿高温超导体的发现及其实用线材的成熟。这些事件，加上全球范围内对电能的新的和不断增长的需求，给人们带来了希望，即最终的誓言将在下个世纪的前二十五年内真正实现。
The long-awaited marriage of superconductivity with electric power has undergone a lengthy engagement to say the least. Whether those nuptials will indeed ever take plate is a question we here dare answer, recognizing full well the pitfalls entailed, Almost immediately after its 1911 discovery, superconductivity was popularly touted as the key to the lossless delivery of electricity ... at least until the type I nature of these early materials was appreciated ... a cycle of excitement and disillusionment that unfortunately has typified the field throughout its history. With the emergence and exploitation of Type II superconductors in the middle decades of the century, tremendous technical progress was made toward power application embodiments, resulting in operating prototypes of transmission cables and rotating machinery by the early 1980s, nonetheless, these achievements did not mature into commercial power products, primarily because of economic and social factors that had evolved by that time ... successful conservation efforts had lowered expected electricity load growth such that, ironically, the incremental efficiencies offered by superconductivity were no longer required at the cost involved ... an important lesson in that the successful deployment of a technology often rests on factors unforeseen and outside its internal development. The years from 1986 to the present have witnessed the discovery of the copper oxide perovskite high temperature superconductors and their coming-of-age in practical wire form. These events, plus a renewed and growing world-wide demand for electric energy, give hope that the final vows will actually take place during the first quarter of the coming century.