The changing epidemiology of interpersonal firearm violence during the COVID-19 pandemic in Philadelphia, PA.
The changing epidemiology of interpersonal firearm violence during the COVID-19 pandemic in Philadelphia, PA.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ypmed.2022.107020
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发表时间：
2022-05
影响因子：
5.1
通讯作者：
Beard JH
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Afif IN;Gobaud AN;Morrison CN;Jacoby SF;Maher Z;Dauer ED;Kaufman EJ;Santora TA;Anderson JH;Pathak A;Sjoholm LO;Goldberg AJ;Beard JH
最近美国城市枪支暴力事件的增加有充分的记录，但在2019冠状病毒病大流行期间，这种公共卫生威胁的人员、地点和强度的动态变化却相对未被探索。这项描述性流行病学研究的时间跨度为2015年1月1日至2021年3月31日，利用费城警察局的枪击受害者登记处，该数据库包括费城所有因人际枪支暴力而被枪杀和/或死亡的个人。我们将大流行前的受害者和事件特征与实施大流行控制措施后的特征进行了比较。在这项研究中，遏制措施始于2020年3月16日，当时费城的非必要企业被命令关闭。收容前有331 （SE = 13.9）个个体被射杀/四分之一，收容后有545 （SE = 66.4）个个体被射杀/四分之一（p = 0.031）。在收容后，女性被注射的比例增加了39% (95% CI: 1.21, 1.59)，儿童被注射的比例增加了17% （95% CI: 1.00, 1.35）。黑人妇女和儿童在收容后更有可能被枪击（RR分别为1.11,95% CI: 1.02, 1.20， RR为1.08,95% CI: 1.03, 1.14）。大规模枪击事件（1小时内100米范围内枪击4人以上）的比例在控制后增加了53% （95% CI: 1.25, 1.88）。地理分析显示，在遏制措施实施后，特定城市地点的所有枪击事件和大规模枪击事件相对增加。在费城遏制新冠肺炎疫情后，观察到的枪支伤害流行病学变化表明，枪支暴力加剧，这越来越多地影响到那些可能因现有社会和结构性劣势而变得更加脆弱的人。这些发现支持了关于人际枪支暴力的结构性原因的现有知识，并建议需要结构性解决方案来解决这一公共卫生威胁。
Recent increases in firearm violence in U.S. cities are well-documented, however dynamic changes in the people, places and intensity of this public health threat during the COVID-19 pandemic are relatively unexplored. This descriptive epidemiologic study spanning from January 1, 2015 - March 31, 2021 utilizes the Philadelphia Police Department's registry of shooting victims, a database which includes all individuals shot and/or killed due to interpersonal firearm violence in the city of Philadelphia. We compared victim and event characteristics prior to the pandemic with those following implementation of pandemic containment measures. In this study, containment began on March 16, 2020, when non-essential businesses were ordered to close in Philadelphia. There were 331 (SE = 13.9) individuals shot/quarter pre-containment vs. 545 (SE = 66.4) individuals shot/quarter post-containment (p = 0.031). Post-containment, the proportion of women shot increased by 39% (95% CI: 1.21, 1.59), and the proportion of children shot increased by 17% (95% CI: 1.00, 1.35). Black women and children were more likely to be shot post-containment (RR 1.11, 95% CI: 1.02, 1.20 and RR 1.08, 95% CI: 1.03, 1.14, respectively). The proportion of mass shootings (≥4 individuals shot within 100 m within 1 h) increased by 53% post-containment (95% CI: 1.25, 1.88). Geographic analysis revealed relative increases in all shootings and mass shootings in specific city locations post-containment. The observed changes in firearm injury epidemiology following COVID-19 containment in Philadelphia demonstrate an intensification in firearm violence, which is increasingly impacting people who are likely made more vulnerable by existing social and structural disadvantage. These findings support existing knowledge about structural causes of interpersonal firearm violence and suggest structural solutions are required to address this public health threat.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2019.03.020
发表时间：
2019-09-01
影响因子：
5.2
作者：
Beard, Jessica H.;Resnick, Shelby;Goldberg, Amy J.
通讯作者：
Goldberg, Amy J.
影响因子：
5.7
作者：
Choi, Kristen R.;Saadi, Altaf;Zimmerman, Frederick J.
通讯作者：
Zimmerman, Frederick J.
DOI：
10.1080/15374416.2019.1644646
发表时间：
2019-08-09
影响因子：
4.2
作者：
Beardslee, Jordan;Docherty, Meagan;Pardini, Dustin
通讯作者：
Pardini, Dustin
影响因子：
19.7
作者：
Gosangi, Babina;Park, Hyesun;Khurana, Bharti
通讯作者：
Khurana, Bharti
DOI：
10.1136/injuryprev-2012-040439
发表时间：
2013-06
期刊：
Injury prevention : journal of the International Society for Child and Adolescent Injury Prevention
影响因子：
--
作者：
Garvin EC;Cannuscio CC;Branas CC
通讯作者：
Branas CC