Scalable synthesis of hierarchical macropore-rich activated carbon microspheres assembled by carbon nanoparticles for high rate performance supercapacitors
Scalable synthesis of hierarchical macropore-rich activated carbon microspheres assembled by carbon nanoparticles for high rate performance supercapacitors
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用于高性能超级电容器的由碳纳米粒子组装的分级富大孔活性炭微球的可扩展合成
DOI：
10.1016/j.jpowsour.2016.12.072
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发表时间：
2017-02
影响因子：
9.2
通讯作者：
Zhang Jiujun
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Zhang Dongdong;Zhao Jianghong;Feng Chong;Zhao Rijie;Sun Yahui;Guan Taotao;Han Baixin;Tang Nan;Wang Jianlong;Li Kaixi;Qiao Jinli;Zhang Jiujun
采用反相微乳液聚合-相分离耦合法，以酚醛树脂（PR）为前驱体，通过炭化和KOH活化，首次成功制备了多级大孔活性炭微球（ACS）。所形成的ACS材料由碳纳米颗粒（CNP）组装而成。散布在组分CNP之间的大孔在反应性PR相的聚合过程中除去非反应性溶剂相之后形成，其占据优化ACS的总孔体积（1.222.779cm3g-1）的约64%。与中孔（总孔体积的约18%）组合，ACS具有接近总孔体积的82%的中孔/大孔。通过KOH活化，在CNPsviaKOH组分中产生微孔，显示出纳米尺度上缩短的离子传输距离。分级的微米/介孔/大孔结构和内部纳米颗粒形态（短离子扩散路径）都可以显著有助于电解质离子在整个碳质基质中的快速传输，从而导致基于ACS的超级电容器的上级倍率性能。更重要的是，在水溶液和有机电解质中工作的ACS超级电容器的能量密度分别在0.25至14.5 kW kg− 1和7.0 kW kg−1的宽功率密度范围内保持稳定。
A scalable inverse-microemulsion-polymerization-phase-separation coupling method is applied to successfully prepare hierarchical macropore-rich activated carbon microspheres (ACS) using a phenolic resin (PR) precursor followed by carbonization and KOH activation for the first time. The formed ACS materials are assembled by carbon nanoparticles (CNPs). The macropores interspersed among the component CNPs are formed after removing the non-reactive solvent phase in the course of the polymerization of the reactive PR phase, which occupies ∼64% of the total pore volume (∼2.779 cm3g−1) of the optimized ACS. In combination with mesopores (∼18% of the total pore volume), the ACS possesses meso/macropores approaching 82% of the total pore volume. Micropores are created in the component CNPsviaKOH activation, showing shortened ion transport distances in the nanoscale dimension. Both the hierarchical micro/meso/macroporous structure and the inner nanoparticle morphology (short ion diffusion pathways) can significantly contribute to the rapid transport of electrolyte ions throughout the carbonaceous matrix, resulting in superior rate performance of ACS-based supercapacitors. More importantly, the energy densities of the ACS supercapacitors operating in both aqueous and organic electrolyte retain steady over a wide range of power densities varying dramatically from 0.25 to 14.5 kW kg−1and to 7.0 kW kg−1, respectively.
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