Glucose as a hormone:: receptor-mediated glucose sensing in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Glucose as a hormone:: receptor-mediated glucose sensing in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae
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DOI：
10.1042/bst0330247
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发表时间：
2005-02-01
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
Kim, JH
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Johnston, M;Kim, JH
由于葡萄糖是大多数细胞的主要碳和能量来源，大多数生物已经进化出无数复杂的机制来感知葡萄糖并适当地对其做出反应。这一点在酿酒酵母中尤其明显，这些调节机制决定了酵母独特的发酵代谢，这是它与许多肿瘤细胞共享的一种生活方式。由于发酵葡萄糖产生的能量效率很低，酵母细胞必须大力代谢葡萄糖。他们做到了这一点，部分是通过仔细调节葡萄糖利用的第一个限速步骤：葡萄糖的运输。酵母细胞已经学会了如何感知可用的葡萄糖量，并通过表达17种葡萄糖转运蛋白中最合适的一种来做出反应。它们通过一条信号转导途径做到这一点，该信号转导途径从细胞表面的Snf3和Rgt2葡萄糖传感器开始，到细胞核结束，Rgt1转录因子调节编码葡萄糖转运蛋白的基因的表达。我们解释了这一葡萄糖信号转导途径，并描述了它如何融入高度互联的葡萄糖感应通路调控网络，该网络可能是为了确保细胞对不断变化的葡萄糖水平做出快速和敏感的反应而进化的。
Because glucose is the principal carbon and energy source for most cells, most organisms have evolved numerous and sophisticated mechanisms for sensing glucose and responding to it appropriately. This is especially apparent in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, where these regulatory mechanisms determine the distinctive fermentative metabolism of yeast, a lifestyle it shares with many kinds of tumour cells. Because energy generation by fermentation of glucose is inefficient, yeast cells must vigorously metabolize glucose. They do this, in part, by carefully regulating the first, rate-limiting step of glucose utilization: its transport. Yeast cells have learned how to sense the amount of glucose that is available and respond by expressing the most appropriate of its 17 glucose transporters. They do this through a signal transduction pathway that begins at the cell surface with the Snf3 and Rgt2 glucose sensors and ends in the nucleus with the Rgt1 transcription factor that regulates expression of genes encoding glucose transporters. We explain this glucose signal transduction pathway, and describe how it fits into a highly interconnected regulatory network of glucose sensing pathways that probably evolved to ensure rapid and sensitive response of the cell to changing levels of glucose.