Superheavy element chemistry at GSI – status and perspectives

Superheavy element chemistry at GSI – status and perspectives
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GSI 超重元素化学 – 现状和前景

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发表时间：
2007
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通讯作者：
M. Schädel
M. Schädel
中科院分区：
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文献类型：
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作者：
M. Schädel

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超重元素已经被合成， 其特征是一次一个原子，直到元素108。目前， 对112号元素的识别和研究是目前最热门的话题之一 在该领域超锕系元素104至108是第4族的成员 元素112属于元素周期表的第11族至第8族，并且元素112属于第12族。对于一些 这些元素的详细化学性质已被揭示， 在他们各自的群体中， 而另一些则与其较轻的同系物表现出很大的相似性。所有 目前已知的seaborgium（Sg，元素106）的化学性质- 在水溶液中研究其行为的最重元素-和 在GSI进行的实验中获得了元素108（Hs） 大型国际合作。最近，高效， 非常干净的分离应用于各种Hs的核研究 研究其截面和核衰变的核素 在N=162的中子壳层区域中的性质。克服某些 目前使用的在线化学分离的局限性， 反式锕系元素分离器和化学 装置（TASCA）-带有充气反冲分离器， 一个前端工具-是在GSI设计和建立在一个合作 努力目前，在其调试阶段，TASCA将是一个关键 一种在数量和质量上实现新飞跃的工具 超重元素领域的实验。
Abstract.Superheavy elements have been synthesized and chemically characterized one-atom-at-a-time up to element 108. Presently, the quest for identification and investigation of element 112 is one of the hottest topics in this field. The transactinide elements 104 to 108 are members of group 4 to 8 of the periodic table and element 112 belongs into group 12. For some of these elements detailed chemical properties have been revealed which show stunning deviations from simple extrapolations within their respective group while others exhibit great similarities with their lighter homologues. All presently known chemical properties of seaborgium (Sg, element 106) — the heaviest element whose behavior was investigated in aqueous solution — and hassium (Hs, element 108) were obtained in experiments performed at the GSI in large international collaborations. Recently, the highly efficient and very clean separation of Hs was applied for nuclear studies of various Hs nuclides investigating their cross section and their nuclear decay properties in the region of the N=162 neutron shell. To overcome certain limitations of the presently used on-line chemical separations the new TransActinide Separator and Chemistry Apparatus (TASCA) — with a gas-filled recoil separator as a front-end tool — was designed and built at the GSI in a collaborative effort. Presently in its commissioning phase, TASCA shall be a key instrument for a big leap into quantitatively and qualitatively new experiments in the region of superheavy elements.