Cardiopulmonary responses of intratracheally instilled tire particles and constituent metal components
Cardiopulmonary responses of intratracheally instilled tire particles and constituent metal components
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DOI：
10.1080/08958370701858427
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发表时间：
2008-01-01
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
Kodavanti, Urmila P.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Gottipolu, Reddy R.;Landa, Edward R.;Kodavanti, Urmila P.
轮胎和制动器磨损颗粒含有过渡金属，并有助于近路PM。我们假设，急性心肺损伤的可吸入轮胎颗粒（TP）将取决于可溶性金属的量。使用ICP-AES分析了两种类型TP（TP 1和TP 2）的可吸入组分中的水和酸可浸出金属。两种TP类型都含有多种过渡金属，包括锌（Zn）、铜（Cu）、铝和铁。在水溶性组分（TP 2和TP 1）中检测到高水平的Zn和Cu。雄性Wistar京都大鼠（12 - 14周），在第一项研究中，与盐水，TP 1或TP 2（5 mg/kg），并在第二项研究中，与可溶性锌，铜（0.5 mol/kg），或两者的气管内滴注。肺毒性和心脏线粒体酶进行了分析1天，1周，或4周后TP和4或24小时后的金属。在第1天（TP2和TP1）观察到炎症和损伤的灌洗液标志物增加，但这些变化在第1周逆转。两种TP均未观察到对心肌酶的影响。大鼠暴露于可溶性锌和铜引起显着的肺部炎症和损伤，但时间上的差异是明显的（铜的影响在4小时和锌在24小时达到峰值）。锌，铜，锌+铜滴注降低心脏乌头酸酶，异柠檬酸脱氢酶，琥珀酸脱氢酶，细胞色素c氧化酶和超氧化物歧化酶的活性，表明线粒体氧化应激。TP的急性肺毒性可能是由于水溶性Zn和Cu的存在。在高浓度下，这些金属可诱导心脏氧化应激。
Tire and brake wear particles contain transition metals, and contribute to near-road PM. We hypothesized that acute cardiopulmonary injury from respirable tire particles (TP) will depend on the amount of soluble metals. Respirable fractions of two types of TP (TP1 and TP2) were analyzed for water and acid-leachable metals using ICP-AES. Both TP types contained a variety of transition metals, including zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), aluminum, and iron. Zn and Cu were detected at high levels in water-soluble fractions (TP2 TP1). Male Wistar Kyoto rats (12-14 wk) were intratracheally instilled, in the first study, with saline, TP1 or TP2 (5 mg/kg), and in the second study, with soluble Zn, Cu (0.5 mol/kg), or both. Pulmonary toxicity and cardiac mitochondrial enzymes were analyzed 1 d, 1 wk, or 4 wk later for TP and 4 or 24 h later for metals. Increases in lavage fluid markers of inflammation and injury were observed at d 1 (TP2 TP1), but these changes reversed by wk 1. No effects on cardiac enzymes were noted with either TP. Exposure of rats to soluble Zn and Cu caused marked pulmonary inflammation and injury but temporal differences were apparent (Cu effects peaked at 4 h and Zn at 24 h). Instillation of Zn, Cu, and Zn+ Cu decreased the activity of cardiac aconitase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase, cytochrome-c-oxidase and superoxide dismutase suggesting mitochondrial oxidative stress. The observed acute pulmonary toxicity of TP could be due to the presence of water soluble Zn and Cu. At high concentrations these metals may induce cardiac oxidative stress.