Treatment resistant schizophrenia: Clinical, biological, and therapeutic perspectives.
Treatment resistant schizophrenia: Clinical, biological, and therapeutic perspectives.
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抗治疗精神分裂症：临床，生物学和治疗视角。
DOI：
10.1016/j.nbd.2018.08.016
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发表时间：
2019-11
影响因子：
6.1
通讯作者：
Sawa A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Nucifora FC Jr;Woznica E;Lee BJ;Cascella N;Sawa A
难治性精神分裂症（TRS）是指相当比例的精神分裂症患者尽管接受了治疗，但仍有症状和预后不良。虽然TRS的许多定义包括两种不同抗精神病药物的失败作为最低标准，但纳入标准的广泛差异挑战了TRS研究结果的一致性和可重复性。我们首先回顾TRS的临床、神经影像学和神经生物学特征。我们进一步回顾了目前可用的治疗策略，包括氯氮平（TRS的一线药物），以及氯氮平的药物和非药物增强治疗，包括联合用药、电休克治疗、重复经颅磁刺激、深部脑刺激和心理治疗。最后，我们强调了精神病治疗反应和耐药性工作组（trip）提出的关于TRS定义的最新共识，并概述了未来的观点和方向，这些观点和方向可能有助于推进TRS研究领域，包括TRS作为精神分裂症潜在亚型的概念。
Treatment resistant schizophrenia (TRS) refers to the significant proportion of schizophrenia patients who continue to have symptoms and poor outcomes despite treatment. While many definitions of TRS include failure of two different antipsychotics as a minimum criterion, the wide variability in inclusion criteria has challenged the consistency and reproducibility of results from studies of TRS. We begin by reviewing the clinical, neuroimaging, and neurobiological characteristics of TRS. We further review the current treatment strategies available, addressing clozapine, the first-line pharmacological agent for TRS, as well as pharmacological and nonpharmacological augmentation of clozapine including medication combinations, electroconvulsive therapy, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, deep brain stimulation, and psychotherapies. We conclude by highlighting the most recent consensus for defining TRS proposed by the Treatment Response and Resistance in Psychosis (TRRIP) Working Group, and provide our overview of future perspectives and directions that could help advance the field of TRS research, including the concept of TRS as a potential subtype of schizophrenia.
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影响因子：
6.6
作者：
BRENNER, HD;DENCKER, SJ;MIDHA, KK
通讯作者：
MIDHA, KK
影响因子：
2.2
作者：
Akamine, Yumiko;Sugawara-Kikuchi, Yuka;Miura, Masatomo
通讯作者：
Miura, Masatomo
影响因子：
6.7
作者：
Brown AS
通讯作者：
Brown AS
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.97.14.8104
发表时间：
2000-07-05
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Abi-Dargham, A;Rodenhiser, J;Laruelle, M
通讯作者：
Laruelle, M
影响因子：
3.8
作者：
Cramer, JA;Rosenheck, R
通讯作者：
Rosenheck, R