Study on biological activity of chitosan after radiation processing
Study on biological activity of chitosan after radiation processing
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辐射处理后壳聚糖生物活性的研究
DOI：
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发表时间：
2008
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
A. Chmielewski
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
U. Gryczka;A. Chmielewski
近年来，工业界有限制化合物使用的趋势。天然聚合物是有前景的新型材料，具有生物可降解性或无毒性等重要特性。天然聚合物的辐射加工是当前开发新应用的研究领域。本研究的目的是确定电离辐射改性对天然多糖生物活性的影响。研究了具有不同分子量的壳聚糖作为生物刺激剂——一种刺激植物某些生长过程的生物活性物质。用来自电子束加速器 Elektronika 10-10 的电子束照射固态壳聚糖，剂量范围为 50 至 300 kGy。通过粘度和 GPC 测量研究了辐照对壳聚糖分子量的影响。将浓度为0.001、0.01、0.1和1 g/dm 3 的未辐照和辐照壳聚糖用于温室测试，测试其促进Salix viminalis L. var.的活性。巨茶厂。选择均匀的生根插条（每个组合20个）进行测试，并在含有霍格兰营养液和相应量的壳聚糖的通气水培培养物中进行培养。植物接触壳聚糖六周后，收集选定的植物生长参数的数据。在大多数情况下，除了最高浓度外，两种形式的壳聚糖对叶面积、根的长度和新发育的芽都有刺激作用。在壳聚糖处理的植物中，这些器官的鲜重和干重也更大。最高浓度的壳聚糖仅对一些根和新发育的芽有刺激作用，而对其他参数则具有抑制作用。在相当的浓度下，经辐照的壳聚糖的刺激效果比未经辐照的壳聚糖更大。
In recent years there is a trend in industry to limit the usage of chemical compounds. Natural polymers are new promising materials that possess important properties like biodegrability or lack of toxicity. Radiation processing of natural occurring polymers is an area of current research for development of new applications. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of ionizing radiation modification on bioactivity of a natural polysaccharide. Chitosan with different molecular weights was investigated as a biostimulator - a biologically active substance that stimulates some growth processes in plants. Chitosan in solid state was irradiated with electron beam from an electron beam accelerator Elektronika 10-10 with a dose range from 50 to 300 kGy. The effects of irradiation on the molecular weight of chitosan were investigated by viscosity and GPC measurements. Non-irradiated and irradiated chitosan at concentrations 0.001, 0.01, 0.1 and 1 g/dm 3 were used for greenhouse tests of its activity for growth promotion of Salix viminalis L. var. gigantea plant. Uniform rooted cuttings (20 per combination) were selected for the test and cultivated in aerated hydroponics culture containing Hoagland's nutrient solutions plus respective amounts of chitosan. After six weeks of plant exposure to chitosan, data of selected parameters of plant growth were collected. In most cases, except the highest concentration, both forms of chitosan had stimulatory effect on leaf area, length of roots and of newly developed shoots. Also fresh and dry weights of these organs were greater in chitosan treated plants. The highest concentration of chitosan was stimula- tory only for a number of roots and newly developed shoots while for other parameters was inhibitory. In comparable concentrations the stimulatory effect was greater for chitosan irradiated in comparison with the non-irradiated one.