Suffrage, Schooling, and Sorting in the Post-Bellum U.S. South
Suffrage, Schooling, and Sorting in the Post-Bellum U.S. South
复制标题
战后美国南部的选举权、学校教育和分类
DOI：
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发表时间：
2012
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
S. Naidu
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
S. Naidu
本文评估了 19 世纪美国南部黑人公民被剥夺选举权所造成的政治和经济影响。我利用跨越州界的相邻县对，研究了投票限制对政治竞争、公共产品和要素市场的影响。我发现人头税和识字测试都使整体选举投票率降低了 8-22%，并使民主党在选举中的选票比例增加了 1-7%。利用新收集的有关学校教育投入的数据，我发现剥夺选举权使黑人学校的师生比例降低了 10-23%，而对白人师生比例没有显着影响。我开发了一个包含移民和农业生产的二元经济中的选举权限制和再分配模型，以生成足够的统计数据，用于对黑人被剥夺选举权的发生率进行福利分析。与模型一致的是，尽管黑人人口减少了 4%，但被剥夺公民权的县每英亩农场价值却增长了 3.5%。估计的要素市场反应表明，黑人劳动力因被剥夺选举权而遭受的集体损失至少相当于年收入的 15%，而土地所有者则获得了 12% 的收益。
This paper estimates the political and economic effects of the 19th century disenfranchisement of black citizens in the U.S. South. Using adjacent county-pairs that straddle state boundaries, I examine the effect of voting restrictions on political competition, public goods, and factor markets. I find that poll taxes and literacy tests each lowered overall electoral turnout by 8-22% and increased the Democratic vote share in elections by 1-7%. Employing newly collected data on schooling inputs, I show that disenfranchisement reduced the teacher-child ratio in black schools by 10-23%, with no significant effects on white teacher-child ratios. I develop a model of suffrage restriction and redistribution in a 2-factor economy with migration and agricultural production to generate sufficient statistics for welfare analysis of the incidence of black disenfranchisement. Consistent with the model, disenfranchised counties experienced a 3.5% increase in farm values per acre, despite a 4% fall in the black population. The estimated factor market responses suggest that black labor bore a collective loss from disenfranchisement equivalent to at least 15% of annual income, with landowners experiencing a 12% gain.
DOI：
10.1162/qjec.2008.123.3.1287
发表时间：
2008-08
期刊：
The quarterly journal of economics
影响因子：
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作者：
Miller G
通讯作者：
Miller G
影响因子：
13.7
作者：
Bleakley, Hoyt
通讯作者：
Bleakley, Hoyt