The therapeutic community.
The therapeutic community.
复制标题
治疗社区。
DOI：
10.1038/scientificamerican0371-34
复制
发表时间：
1971
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
R. Almond
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
R. Almond
在过去的20年里，美国精神疾病的治疗发生了深刻的变化。一个突出的变化是，对严重精神障碍患者的护理从大型州立医院转移到综合医院的精神病病房，最近又转移到联邦政府支持的社区精神卫生中心。精神病患者的人数也明显下降。这种转变的一个因素是发现了能够改变急性精神病行为和严重抑郁症的药物。另一个趋势是减少大型公立医院监狱般的空气圈。第三，这是不广为人知的精神卫生专业以外，一直是一种治疗方法的发展，被称为治疗社区。该术语描述了一种在医院中经营小型精神科的方式，理想情况下，一个单位将有20到40名患者;大型医院可能有一个以上的治疗社区。该方法的一个关键组成部分是工作人员和病人之间的密切关系，他们分担该单位的工作和活动，并参与影响该单位的决策。治疗方法包括心理治疗，必要时进行药物治疗，各种团体活动和治疗以及家庭治疗。然而，这种方法的独特之处在于，它试图保持一种病人与工作人员之间的交流感。
The treatment of mental illness in the us has changed profoundly over the past 20 years. An out standing change has been the shift in the scene of care for severely disturbed pa tients from large state hospitals to the psychiatric wards of general hospitals and, more recently, to Federally sup ported community mental health cen ters. There has also been a pronounced decline in the number of psychiatric in patients. One factor in this shift has been the discovery of drugs capable of alter ing acute psychotic behavior and severe depression. Another has been the trend toward reducing the prison-like atmo sphere in large state hospitals. The third, which is not Widely known outside the mental health profession, has been the development of a method of treatment that is called the therapeutic community. The term describes a way of operating a small psychiatric unit in a hospital.Ideally a unit will have between 20 and 40 patients; a large hospital may have more than one therapeutic community. A key constituent of the method is a close relationship between the staff and the patients, who share the work and ac tivities of the unit and participate in the making of decisions affecting it. Meth ods of treatment include psychotherapy, drug therapy when indicated, various group activities and therapies and fam ily treatment. It is the attempt at main taining a sense of patient-staff commu nity, however, that is unique to this approach.