Movements and swimming behaviour of white sharks (Carcharodon carcharias) in Australian waters
Movements and swimming behaviour of white sharks (Carcharodon carcharias) in Australian waters
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DOI：
10.1007/s00227-006-0325-1
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发表时间：
2006-11-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Malcolm, H.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bruce, B. D.;Stevens, J. D.;Malcolm, H.
我们使用了卫星遥测，档案和传统的标签相结合，以显示白色鲨鱼作出了大规模的运动一致的人口混合在整个澳大拉西亚的范围。在新西兰，在距离南澳标记点约3 550公里处捕获了一条这种鲨鱼，进一步证实了白色鲨鱼有时会进入公海沃茨，并穿越深海盆地。然而，大多数移动都局限于陆架沃茨，一般是在水深不足100米的区域，在某些情况下进入水深不足5米的沃茨。鲨鱼在游泳模式上表现出相当大的可塑性，其中包括其他物种报告的许多行为。其中一条档案标记的鲨鱼在进入不同的栖息地并在它们之间旅行时表现出不同的游泳行为。游泳行为的变化是突然的，并建议在这些栖息地的不同猎物类型的狩猎策略的快速切换。所有被追踪的鲨鱼都表现出在沿海沃茨以2-3公里/小时（-1）的游泳速度长时间定向游泳，以及在特定区域暂时停留。标记的白色鲨鱼的运动，从鲨鱼控制方案和兼捕记录的数据一起，建议季节性运动北沿着澳大利亚东海岸在秋冬季节和南部在春季初夏。澳大利亚沃茨中白色鲨鱼所走路径的一致性表明，它们可能会沿着一些地区的共同路线或“高速公路”前进。如果是这样的话，查明这些区域可能有助于减少与捕鱼作业的相互影响，从而减少副渔获物。
We used a combination of satellite telemetry, archival and conventional tags to show that white sharks made broad-scale movements consistent with mixing of the population across their entire Australasian range. The capture of one of these sharks in New Zealand, some 3,550 km from the point of tagging in South Australia, provides further confirmation that white sharks sometimes move into open ocean waters and cross deep ocean basins. However, most movements were confined to shelf waters, generally in areas of less than 100 m depth and in some cases into waters of less than 5 m depth. Sharks showed considerable plasticity in swimming patterns, which included many of the behaviours reported for other species. One of the archival-tagged sharks showed separate periods of distinct swimming behaviour as it moved into different habitats and travelled between them. The changes in swimming behaviour were abrupt and suggested rapid switching of hunting strategies for different prey types in these habitats. All tracked sharks showed both prolonged periods of directional swimming in coastal waters at swimming speeds of 2-3 km h(-1) as well as temporary residency in particular regions. Movements of tagged white sharks, together with data from shark control programs and bycatch records, suggest a seasonal movement northward along the east coast of Australia during the autumn-winter months and south in spring-early summer. The consistency of paths taken by white sharks in Australian waters suggests that they may follow common routes or "highways" in some areas. If so, identifying such areas may assist in reducing interactions with fishing operations and thus reduce bycatch.