KINEMATIC STRATEGIES AND SENSORIMOTOR TRANSFORMATIONS IN THE WIPING MOVEMENTS OF FROGS
KINEMATIC STRATEGIES AND SENSORIMOTOR TRANSFORMATIONS IN THE WIPING MOVEMENTS OF FROGS
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DOI：
10.1152/jn.1989.62.3.750
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发表时间：
1989-09-01
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
BIZZI, E
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
GISZTER, SF;MCINTYRE, J;BIZZI, E
1. 众所周知，脊髓蛙能够对身体和腿部的几乎所有部位进行协调和成功的擦拭动作。这种擦拭动作涉及感觉运动转换。来自刺激在皮肤上的空间位置和青蛙的身体结构的信息被转换成一组运动命令，产生足够的身体运动来成功地消除刺激。因此，脊髓本身的感觉运动转换能力有限。2. 我们检查了在脊柱和完整的豹蛙和牛蛙擦拭运动的运动学。该数据用于评估在擦拭过程中使用的运动学感觉运动转换的灵活性，精度和策略。这些动作涉及到肢体的冗余自由度的使用。因此，许多可能的运动或解决方案可以产生成功的擦拭。这种冗余使得青蛙可以进行类似于马达的运动。3. 通过使用VHS快门录像在两个维度上检查运动，并使用红外线二极管和摄像机的WATSMART系统在三个维度上检查运动。运动学分析应用于那些肢体不受运动学约束的运动，如基底或物体表面。这些不受约束的运动与运动指令直接相关，因此更容易解释。4. 在脊椎蛙和完整蛙身上，擦拭背部的动作基本上保持相同的形式。在这两种情况下，擦拭都有四个阶段，偶尔会出现第五个阶段。阶段包括弯曲，放置，瞄准和搅拌，偶尔延伸和多次重复擦拭。然而，在该数据中，瞄准阶段通常非常短暂或缺失，并且在多次擦拭中有时省略屈曲。我们发现放置姿势可以根据目标刺激位置的变化以一种简单的方式进行调整。足尖的背侧位置与背侧刺激位置呈强烈的线性关系。5. 在放置体位时，关节角度和背部抹布的肢体尖端与刺激物的前后方向坐标呈线性关系。青蛙使用的肢体结构允许关节角度对刺激位置进行线性（并且可能独立）的姿势调整策略，从而在擦拭的放置阶段产生几乎线性的端点调整。该方法解决了擦背时关节角度选择的病态问题，计算简便。（摘要删节为400字）
1. Spinal frogs are known to make coordinated and successful wiping movements to almost all places on the body and legs. Such wiping movements involve a sensorimotor transformation. Information from both the spatial locations of stimuli on the skin and the body configuration of the frog is transformed into a set of motor commands that generate body movements adequate to successfully remove the irritant. The spinal cord itself therefore has a limited capacity for sensorimotor transformations. 2. We examined the kinematics of wiping motions in both spinal and intact leopard frogs and bullfrogs. This data was used to assess the flexibility, precision, and strategy of the kinematic sensorimotor transformations used during wiping. The movements involved the use of redundant degrees of freedom in the limbs. Thus many possible movements or solutions could generate successful wiping. This redundancy allows motor-equivalent movements to be used by the frog. 3. Movements were examined in two dimensions by the use of VHS shuttered-video recording and in three dimensions with the use of a WATSMART system of infrared diodes and cameras. The kinematic analysis was applied to those motions in which the limbs did not interact with kinematic constraints, such as the surface of the substrate or body. These unconstrained motions are directly related to motor commands and thus more easily interpreted. 4. Wiping movements to the back were retained in essentially the same form in both spinal and intact frogs. In both cases wiping had four phases with a fifth occasionally present. The phases included flexion, placing, aiming, and whisking, with occasional extension and multiply repeated wipes. However, the aiming phase was often very brief or absent in this data, and flexion was sometimes omitted in multiple wipes. We found that the placing posture was adjusted in a simple way in response to variations in the location of the target stimulus. The rostrocaudal position of the foot tip was strongly and linearly related to the rostrocaudal stimulus location. 5. During the placing posture, joint angles as well as the limb tip in back wipes had linear relationships to the stimulus' rostrocaudal coordinate. The limb configuration used by the frog allowed a strategy of linear (and potentially independent) postural adjustment of joint angle to stimulus position to generate almost linear endpoint adjustments in the placing phase of wiping. This solution to the ill-posed problem of choosing a joint angle for the placing posture in back-wiping may be computationally simple.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)