Physiological and Morphological Changes Over the Past 50 Years in Yield Components in Tomato
Physiological and Morphological Changes Over the Past 50 Years in Yield Components in Tomato
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DOI：
10.21273/jashs.134.4.460
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发表时间：
2009-07-01
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
Heuvelink, Ep
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Higashide, Tadahisa;Heuvelink, Ep
荷兰温室番茄（Solanum lycopersicum）产量在过去50年中大幅增加。在此期间的育种效果进行了调查。8个荷兰品种和一个典型的当前日本品种，在过去的50年中被释放进行了比较，从夏季到秋季在荷兰的短期实验。从1950年到2000年，荷兰品种的鲜果产量显着增加，每年增加约0.9%。荷兰品种的果实干重产量也随年份的释放而增加，而果实干物质含量与年份的释放无关。植株的总干物质生产量随释放年份的增加而增加，而分配到果实中的干物质与释放年份无关。干物质生产的增加是由增加拦截光的分数，但光利用效率的基础上，他们每个人之间的相关性和释放的一年。随着释放年份的增加，植物冠层的消光系数逐渐降低，而叶片的光合速率则显著增加。虽然日本品种的鲜果产量低于现代荷兰品种，但日本品种的果实干物质含量高于荷兰品种。荷兰番茄在过去的50年中产量的增加是由于消光系数的降低（形态变化）和叶片光合速率的增加（生理变化）导致的光利用效率的增加。
Greenhouse tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) yield in The Netherlands has increased tremendously over the past 50 years. The effects of breeding during this period were investigated. Eight Dutch cultivars and one typical current Japanese cultivar that were released over the past 50 years were compared in a short-term experiment conducted from summer to fall in The Netherlands. Fresh fruit yield of the Dutch cultivars significantly increased approximate to 0.9% per year with the year of release from 1950 to 2000. Dry weight fruit yield of the Dutch cultivars also increased with the year of release, whereas the fruit dry matter content was not correlated with the year of release. Total dry matter production of plants increased with the year of release, and the dry matter partitioning to fruit was not correlated with the year of release. An increase in dry matter production was caused not by an increase in fraction of intercepted light, but by light use efficiency based on correlations between each of them and the year of release. The light extinction coefficient in the plant canopy decreased, whereas leaf photosynthetic rate increased significantly with the year of release. Although fresh fruit yield of the Japanese cultivar was lower than that of the modern Dutch cultivars, fruit dry matter content of the Japanese cultivar was higher than that of the Dutch cultivars. An increase in yield over the past 50 years in Dutch tomato was caused by an increase in light use efficiency resulting from a decrease in light extinction coefficient (a morphological change) and an increase in leaf photosynthetic rate (a physiological change).